{"id":2808,"date":"2026-05-25T14:56:49","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T06:56:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sfmisa.com\/?p=2808"},"modified":"2026-05-25T14:56:50","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T06:56:50","slug":"%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e8%ae%be%e6%96%bd%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%91%e5%b1%95%e5%8f%b2%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ae%b9%e5%99%a8%e5%88%b0%e6%88%98%e7%95%a5%e8%b5%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.sfmisa.com\/?p=2808","title":{"rendered":"\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\uff1a\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5bb9\u5668\u5230\u6218\u7565\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u6f14\u8fdb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1. \u5bfc\u8bba\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cd\u6784\u4e0e\u8d44\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u89c6\u9608<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\uff08Educational Facilities Management\uff09\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u6298\u5c04\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u8fc1\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66\u66f4\u8fed\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\u6ce2\u52a8\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u5171\u8d22\u653f\u903b\u8f91\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u53f2\u8bd7\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6821\u56ed\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u6781\u5176\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u65e9\u671f\u5c06\u5b66\u6821\u89c6\u4e3a\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u201c\u7269\u7406\u5bb9\u5668\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7ea6\u675f\u6240\u201d\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u7a7a\u95f4\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u201d\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5546\u4e1a\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u5168\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u8d44\u4ea7\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316\u8fd0\u8425\u201d\u7684\u6218\u7565\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d 1<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ef4\u5ea6\u900f\u89c6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6821\u56ed\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5e76\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u591a\u6b21\u793e\u4f1a\u5371\u673a\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u7206\u70b8\u4e0e\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9769\u65b0\u6240\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u8bbe\u65bd\u56e2\u961f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u770b\u95e8\u4eba\u201d\uff08Caretakers\uff09\u548c\u201c\u5de5\u53cb\u201d\uff08Janitors\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u804c\u8d23\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u6e05\u6d01\u4e0e\u7d27\u6025\u4fee\u7f2e\uff0c\u4e14\u5e38\u5e38\u5904\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u5e26 2<\/sup>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u3001\u6218\u540e\u5a74\u513f\u6f6e\uff08Baby Boom\uff09\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea2\u5229\u3001\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u65e0\u969c\u788d\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca20\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u671f\u77f3\u68c9\u4e0e\u94c5\u6c61\u67d3\u7b49\u73af\u5883\u5065\u5eb7\u5371\u673a\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u88ab\u8feb\u5411\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u6025\u901f\u6f14\u8fdb 4<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u5df2\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u540e\u52e4\u652f\u6301\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8dc3\u5347\u4e3a\u5b66\u6821\u6700\u9ad8\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u7684\u201c\u6218\u7565\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u201d 2<\/sup>\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u5851\u9020\u5b66\u672f\u613f\u666f\u3001\u4fdd\u969c\u516c\u5171\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u7edf\u7b79\u78b3\u4e2d\u548c\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u7ba1\u7406\u7740\u4ef7\u503c\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u4e43\u81f3\u4e0a\u767e\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u516c\u5171\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u4e0e\u6c14\u5019\u5f39\u6027 2<\/sup>\u3002\u672c\u62a5\u544a\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u89e3\u5256\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5386\u53f2\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u6cd5\u89c4\u6f14\u53d8\u53ca\u5efa\u7b51\u8303\u5f0f\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u63d0\u70bc\u8fd9\u4e00\u590d\u6742\u4e13\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u8fd0\u884c\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u8fdb\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong><\/td>\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/strong><\/td>\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u5efa\u7b51\u8303\u5f0f\u6216\u653f\u7b56\u9a71\u52a8<\/strong><\/td>\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u81f320\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d<\/strong><\/td>\u201c\u770b\u95e8\u4eba\u201d\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u542f\u8499<\/td>\u73b0\u4ee3\u5206\u7ea7\u6559\u5ba4\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u591a\u5c42\u7816\u77f3\u5efa\u7b51<\/td>\u88ab\u52a8\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u536b\u751f\u4e0e\u4f9b\u6696\u4fdd\u969c 2<\/sup><\/td><\/tr>
1920\u5e74\u4ee3 – 1940\u5e74\u4ee3<\/strong><\/td>\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d1\u9175\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u89e3\u653e<\/td>\u514b\u52b3\u5c9b\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u5ba4\u5185\u5916\u878d\u5408\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/td>\u5173\u6ce8\u513f\u7ae5\u751f\u7406\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u6d88\u9664\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u538b\u8feb\u611f 1<\/sup><\/td><\/tr>
1940\u5e74\u4ee3 – 1950\u5e74\u4ee3<\/strong><\/td>\u5a74\u513f\u6f6e\u538b\u529b\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u53cc\u8f68\u5236<\/td>\u6b27\u5185\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u574e\u666e\u201c\u6307\u5f62\u5e73\u9762\u201d\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u7b2c815\u53f7\u516c\u62a5<\/td>\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u7136\u901a\u98ce\u4e0e\u65e0\u9650\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u8054\u90a6\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6ce8\u5165 11<\/sup><\/td><\/tr>
1950\u5e74\u4ee3 – 1970\u5e74\u4ee3<\/strong><\/td>\u5de8\u989d\u8d44\u672c\u7edf\u7b79\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u5efa\u9020<\/td>SCSD\u9884\u5236\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u5e73\u9762\u5b66\u6821<\/td>\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7edf\u7b79\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u5efa\u8bbe\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6210\u672c\u6548\u7387\u7684\u6781\u81f4 4<\/sup><\/td><\/tr>
1970\u5e74\u4ee3 – 1990\u5e74\u4ee3<\/strong><\/td>\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0e\u65e0\u969c\u788d\u5408\u89c4\u91cd\u6784<\/td>1973\u5e74\u300a\u5eb7\u590d\u6cd5\u300b504\u6761\u6b3e\u3001IDEA\u3001ADA<\/td>\u6d88\u9664\u7269\u7406\u969c\u788d\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u5168\u9762\u878d\u5408 5<\/sup><\/td><\/tr>
1980\u5e74\u4ee3 – 2000\u5e74\u4ee3<\/strong><\/td>\u73af\u5883\u5371\u673a\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u5e72\u9884<\/td>AHERA\uff08\u77f3\u68c9\uff09\u3001LCCA\uff08\u94c5\uff09\u3001EPA\u5ba4\u5185\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u6307\u5357<\/td>\u6bd2\u5bb3\u7269\u8d28\u5265\u79bb\u3001\u73af\u5883\u5065\u5eb7\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u9884\u9632\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236 6<\/sup><\/td><\/tr>
21\u4e16\u7eaa\u81f3\u4eca<\/strong><\/td>\u6218\u7565\u8d44\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8<\/td>FCI\u6307\u6570\u3001CMMS\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5168\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671fTCO\u8bc4\u4f30<\/td>\u6280\u672f\u503a\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u9884\u9632\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\u3001\u9884\u7b97\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6218\u7565\u5bf9\u9f50 17<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2. \u65e9\u671f\u840c\u82bd\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u5b66\u6821\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u4ece\u201c\u770b\u95e8\u4eba\u201d\u5230\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u89c9\u9192 (1840s – 1920s)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2.1 \u73b0\u4ee3\u5206\u7ea7\u6559\u5ba4\u4e0e\u201c\u5de5\u5382\u5316\u201d\u7269\u7406\u5bb9\u5668<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u96cf\u5f62\uff0c\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f31847\u5e74\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u6606\u897f\u5b66\u6821\uff08Quincy School\uff09\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5206\u7ea7\u6559\u5ba4\u201d\uff08Modern Graded Classroom\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u5efa\u7b51\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5168\u9762\u5d1b\u8d77 1<\/sup>\u3002\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\u81f320\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u7ecf\u5386\u4ece\u519c\u4e1a\u5f62\u6001\u5411\u57ce\u5e02\u5de5\u4e1a\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5267\u70c8\u8f6c\u578b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9002\u5e94\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7edf\u4e00\u704c\u8f93\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u5efa\u7b51\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5de5\u5382\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u5e03\u5c40\u4ee5\u6f2b\u957f\u7b14\u76f4\u7684\u8d70\u5eca\u548c\u5c01\u95ed\u5f0f\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u6559\u5ba4\u4e3a\u4e3b 1<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u88ab\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u7816\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u5e03\u9053\u201d\uff08sermons in brick\uff09\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u5316\u8272\u5f69 1<\/sup>\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u5ff5\u6df1\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e25\u6574\u4e14\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6781\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u6821\u957f\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u601d\u6797\uff08Edward Thring\uff09\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u5168\u80fd\u7684\u5899\u58c1\u7ec8\u7a76\u662f\u5b66\u6821\u6700\u9ad8\u4e14\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u4ef2\u88c1\u8005\u201d 1<\/sup>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u591a\u5c42\u7816\u77f3\u7ed3\u6784\u6821\u820d\u666e\u904d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u901a\u98ce\u3001\u91c7\u5149\u548c\u58f0\u5b66\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5de5\u4e1a\u57ce\u5e02\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6fc0\u589e\uff0c\u6821\u820d\u5185\u90e8\u5f88\u5feb\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u62e5\u6324\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u4f20\u67d3\u6311\u6218 20<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 \u8fdb\u6b65\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e0e\u201c\u770b\u95e8\u4eba\u201d\u6096\u8bba<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u81f320\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fdb\u6b65\u65f6\u4ee3\uff08Progressive Era\uff09\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u884c\u653f\u5b66\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u63a8\u5d07\u201c\u6548\u7387\u5d07\u62dc\u201d\uff08Cult of Efficiency\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b8f\u89c2\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u5b66\u6821\u770b\u95e8\u4eba\/\u6e05\u6d01\u5de5\u201d\uff08School Janitors\uff09\u6b63\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5efa\u5236\u5316\u529b\u91cf\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf 3<\/sup>\u3002\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b66\u751f\u5065\u5eb7\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ef4\u62a4\u65b0\u5efa\u3001\u6602\u8d35\u6821\u820d\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u524d\u7ebf\u62a4\u536b\u8005 3<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u201c\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\u6096\u8bba\u201d\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u884c\u653f\u4eba\u5458\u6781\u5ea6\u6e34\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u79d1\u5b66\u7ba1\u7406\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u5b66\u6821\u8fd0\u8425\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6e05\u6d01\u4e0e\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ef4\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u5374\u5927\u591a\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bad\u7ec3\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840\u4e0e\u673a\u68b0\u77e5\u8bc6 3<\/sup>\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u6821\u8463\u4f1a\u5f88\u5feb\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u672a\u53d7\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u4e0d\u4ec5\u65e0\u6cd5\u79d1\u5b66\u8c03\u8282\u6821\u56ed\u5185\u65e5\u76ca\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9505\u7089\u4f9b\u6696\u4e0e\u901a\u98ce\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u843d\u540e\u7684\u5e72\u626b\u6e05\u626b\u65b9\u5f0f\u751a\u81f3\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u7c89\u5c18\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u5728\u5bc6\u95ed\u6559\u5ba4\u5185\u7684\u8513\u5ef6 21<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ba1\u7406\u8bc9\u6c42\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u843d\u5dee\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u754c\u5f00\u59cb\u6b63\u89c6\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u30021926\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u7b49\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bba\u8ff0\u5b66\u6821\u770b\u95e8\u4eba\u5bf9\u5efa\u7b51\u4fdd\u517b\u3001\u536b\u751f\u6d88\u6bd2\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u9053\u5fb7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u70c8\u547c\u5401\u5efa\u7acb\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u4e0e\u8d44\u8d28\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4f53\u7cfb 21<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 \u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u884c\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u521b\u7acb\u4e0e\u6f14\u53d8<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4f34\u968f\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e0eK-12\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u4ea7\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u540e\u52e4\u5de5\u53cb\u5df2\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u5de5\u5382\uff08Physical Plant\uff09\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u884c\u4e1a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u7ed3\u76df\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u5236\u5b9a\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u30021914\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u897f\u90e814\u6240\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u7231\u8377\u534e\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5efa\u7b51\u4e0e\u5ead\u9662\u4e3b\u7ba1 J. M. Fisk \u7684\u5021\u8bae\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8e\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b66\u9662\u5efa\u7b51\u53ca\u5ead\u9662\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u534f\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Association of Superintendents of Buildings and Grounds of Universities and Colleges\uff09 24<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u5982\u4eca\u5728\u5168\u7403\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u9886\u57df\u4eab\u6709\u76db\u8a89\u7684 APPA \u7684\u524d\u8eab 24<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

APPA \u7684\u521b\u7acb\u4e0e\u540d\u79f0\u6f14\u53d8\u53f2\uff0c\u582a\u79f0\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u4ece\u201c\u8fb9\u7f18\u540e\u52e4\u201d\u5411\u201c\u6838\u5fc3\u6218\u7565\u201d\u8fc8\u8fdb\u7684\u7f29\u5f71\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u540d\uff0c\u90fd\u6298\u5c04\u51fa\u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\u5728\u804c\u8d23\u8303\u56f4\u4e0e\u6218\u7565\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0a\u7684\u8dc3\u5347 24<\/sup>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5e74\u4efd<\/strong><\/td>APPA \u7ec4\u7ec7\u540d\u79f0\u6f14\u53d8<\/strong><\/td>\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u884c\u4e1a\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
1914<\/strong><\/td>\u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b66\u9662\u5efa\u7b51\u53ca\u5ead\u9662\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u534f\u4f1a (Association of Superintendents of Buildings and Grounds of Universities and Colleges)<\/td>\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5ead\u9662\u6e05\u626b\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u5916\u58f3\u770b\u62a4\u4e0e\u9505\u7089\u8fd0\u8f6c 24<\/sup>\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
1948<\/strong><\/td>\u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b66\u9662\u7269\u7406\u5de5\u5382\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u534f\u4f1a (Association of Physical Plant Administrators of Universities and Colleges)<\/td>\u968f\u7740\u6218\u540e\u6821\u56ed\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u201c\u7269\u7406\u5de5\u5382\u201d\u6982\u5ff5 24<\/sup>\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
1954<\/strong><\/td>\u5168\u7f8e\u7269\u7406\u5de5\u5382\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u534f\u4f1a (NAPPA)<\/td>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89c4\u6a21\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u7f8e\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u7ef4\u62a4\u6807\u51c6 24<\/sup>\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
1969<\/strong><\/td>\u7269\u7406\u5de5\u5382\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u534f\u4f1a (APPA)<\/td>\u7eb3\u5165\u4e24\u5e74\u5236\u793e\u533a\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6269\u5c55\u81f3\u56fd\u9645\u5c42\u9762\uff08\u5982\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7b49\u56fd\uff09 24<\/sup>\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
1991<\/strong><\/td>\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u5b98\u5458\u534f\u4f1a (APPA: The Association of Higher Education Facilities Officers)<\/td>\u6452\u5f03\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u5de5\u5382\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u8bbe\u65bd\u5b98\u5458\u201d\u4ee5\u7a81\u663e\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u8d22\u52a1\u89c4\u5212\u5c5e\u6027 24<\/sup>\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
2007 \u81f3\u4eca<\/strong><\/td>APPA \u2013 \u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u9886\u5bfc\u529b (APPA \u2013 Leadership in Educational Facilities)<\/td>\u5168\u9762\u8986\u76d6K-12\u3001\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e0e\u79c1\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u5c06\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e3a\u673a\u6784\u6210\u529f\u7684\u201c\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u201d\u6838\u5fc3\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20 24<\/sup>\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u57281921\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6821\u820d\u5efa\u8bbe\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff08National Council on Schoolhouse Construction\uff0cNCSC\uff09\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u7acb 29<\/sup>\u3002\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6700\u521d\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u5b66\u533a\u8bbe\u65bd\u89c4\u5212\u5e08\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u57281970\u5e74\u5f00\u653e\u884c\u4e1a\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u57281971\u5e74\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u89c4\u5212\u5e08\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08CEFPI\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e8e2015\u5e74\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u73af\u5883\u534f\u4f1a\uff08A4LE\uff09 29<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e13\u4e1a\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0e\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u7ef4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5171\u4eab\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u66f4\u62c9\u5f00\u4e86\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u4ece\u201c\u88ab\u52a8\u4fee\u7f2e\u201d\u5411\u201c\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c4\u5212\u201d\u8fc7\u6e21\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5e8f\u5e55 25<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u7a7a\u95f4\u89e3\u653e\u4e0e\u6218\u540e\u4eba\u53e3\u7206\u70b8\uff1a\u5efa\u7b51\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3 (1930s – 1950s)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8fdb\u516520\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6821\u56ed\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4e24\u80a1\u5f3a\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5939\u51fb\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u675c\u5a01\uff08John Dewey\uff09\u7b49\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u53d1\u9175\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u53f2\u65e0\u524d\u4f8b\u7684\u5a74\u513f\u6f6e\uff08Baby Boom\uff09\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea2\u5229\u4e0e\u5b66\u4f4d\u5371\u673a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u80a1\u529b\u91cf\u5f7b\u5e95\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e86\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u5f0f\u6821\u820d\uff0c\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u6821\u56ed\u5efa\u7b51\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cd\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.1 \u7a81\u7834\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff1a\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u4e0e\u514b\u52b3\u5c9b\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u9769\u547d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u6210\u957f\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u53c2\u4e0e\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7ee7\u6559\u5e08\u4e0e\u540c\u4f34\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u201d 1<\/sup>\u3002\u5efa\u7b51\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9010\u6e10\u4ece\u5a01\u6743\u5e1d\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5316\u5e03\u5c40\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u8f6c\u5411\u5173\u6ce8\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0e\u751f\u7406\u5c3a\u5ea6 1<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\uff08Richard Neutra\uff09\u4e8e1935\u5e74\u5728\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u79d1\u7f57\u5a1c\u5927\u9053\u5c0f\u5b66\uff08Corona Avenue Elementary School\uff09\u6781\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027 10<\/sup>\u3002\u8bfa\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u91c7\u7528\u6728\u5236\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u5bbd\u5927\u7684\u63a8\u62c9\u73bb\u7483\u95e8\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u5411\u5ba4\u5916\u666f\u89c2\u5b8c\u5168\u655e\u5f00\u7684\u6559\u5ba4\u3002\u5bbd\u8fbe6\u82f1\u5c3a\u7684\u5c4b\u6a90\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u906e\u853d\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5b66\u751f\u4ece\u56fa\u5b9a\u5ea7\u6905\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8bfa\u4f0a\u7279\u62c9\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u8046\u542c\u5f0f\u6559\u5ba4\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u6559\u5e08\u81ea\u7136\u878d\u5165\u5b66\u751f\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e2d 10<\/sup>\u30021937\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7231\u9ed8\u751f\u521d\u4e2d\uff08Ralph Waldo Emerson Junior High School\uff09\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ba4\u5185\u5916\u65e0\u7f1d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u5757\u4e2d 10<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u7b51\u6d6a\u6f6e\u5728\u5efa\u4e8e1939\u81f31940\u5e74\u3001\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u4f0a\u5dde\u7684\u514b\u52b3\u5c9b\u5b66\u6821\uff08Crow Island School\uff09\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u5dc5\u5cf0\uff0c\u8be5\u6821\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8a89\u4e3a\u6218\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6821\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u5148\u9a71 1<\/sup>\u3002\u7531\u4f0a\u5229\u5c14\u00b7\u6c99\u91cc\u5b81\u4e0e\u57c3\u7f57\u00b7\u6c99\u91cc\u5b81\u7236\u5b50\uff08Eliel & Eero Saarinen\uff09\u53ca Perkins, Wheeler & Will \u56e2\u961f\u8054\u5408\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u514b\u52b3\u5c9b\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u6784\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u538b\u8feb\u611f 1<\/sup>\u3002\u8be5\u5efa\u7b51\u9996\u521b\u4e86L\u578b\u6559\u5ba4\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5929\u82b1\u677f\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u4ece\u9ed1\u677f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3001\u95e8\u628a\u624b\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001\u7a97\u4e0b\u957f\u51f3\u5230\u7531\u57c3\u7f57\u00b7\u6c99\u91cc\u5b81\u4e13\u95e8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6a21\u538b\u80f6\u5408\u677f\u684c\u6905\u7b49\u4e00\u5207\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u5747\u4e25\u683c\u5339\u914d\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u5c3a\u5ea6 1<\/sup>\u3002\u66f4\u5177\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u6f2b\u6b65\u5f0f\uff08rambling\uff09\u7684\u5e73\u5c4b\u9876\u5e73\u9762\u5e03\u5c40\u8ba9\u6bcf\u95f4\u6559\u5ba4\u90fd\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u4e13\u5c5e\u7684\u5ba4\u5916\u5ead\u9662\u4e0e\u82b1\u56ed\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u8425\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u975e\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u3001\u5982\u5bb6\u822c\u6e29\u6696\u201d\u7684\u793e\u533a\u6c1b\u56f4\uff0c\u5c06\u5efa\u7b51\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0e\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b66\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7f1d\u5408 1<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 \u6218\u540e\u5a74\u513f\u6f6e\u4e0e\u201c\u6307\u5f62\u5e73\u9762\u201d\u5b66\u6821\uff08Finger-Plan Schools\uff09\u7684\u76db\u884c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u957f\u8fbe\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5a74\u513f\u6f6e\uff081946-1964\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u968f\u7740\u9000\u4f0d\u519b\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u9000\u4f0d\u519b\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08GI Bill\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u4f53\u9762\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e76\u5411\u90ca\u533a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u8427\u6761\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4f4e\u8c37\uff08\u5343\u5206\u4e4b18.4\uff09\u540e\u6025\u5267\u98d9\u5347\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u65b0\u589e\u9ad8\u8fbe424\u4e07\u540d\u5a74\u513f 33<\/sup>\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u627f\u53d7\u4e86\u6781\u9650\u91cd\u538b\u3002\u636e\u5f53\u65f6\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u9762\u4e34\u774013.2\u4e07\u95f4\u6559\u5ba4\u7684\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u800c\u672a\u6765\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u66f4\u662f\u9ad8\u8fbe60.7\u4e07\u95f4\u65b0\u6559\u5ba4\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u8017\u8d44255\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u8fd9\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u6311\u6218\u4e4b\u4e00 19<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9762\u5bf9\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u52a0\u5dde\u7b49\u9633\u5149\u5730\u5e26\uff08Sunbelt\uff09\u6025\u5267\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u5b66\u4f4d\u7f3a\u53e3\uff0c\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u6b27\u5185\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u574e\u666e\uff08Ernest Kump\uff09\u57281930\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u81f340\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u9996\u521b\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u6307\u5f62\u5e73\u9762\u201d\uff08Finger-Plan\uff09\u5b66\u6821\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u5e2d\u5377\u5168\u7f8e 11<\/sup>\u3002\u574e\u666e\u5728\u4e3a\u52a0\u5dde\u798f\u52d2\uff08Fowler\uff09\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821\u4ee5\u53ca\u968f\u540e\u8457\u540d\u7684\u963f\u5361\u5170\u5c3c\u65af\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff08Acalanes High School\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u6452\u5f03\u4e86\u6602\u8d35\u3001\u7b28\u91cd\u4e14\u8c61\u5f81\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u8c6a\u611f\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u591a\u5c42\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u5f0f\u5efa\u7b51 11<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6307\u5f62\u5e73\u9762\u5b66\u6821\u91c7\u7528\u4f4e\u5c42\u3001\u5355\u5e73\u9762\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u6559\u5ba4\u7ffc\u697c\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u5404\u7ffc\u697c\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u5e26\u9876\u68da\u7684\u5ba4\u5916\u8d70\u5eca\uff08\u8fde\u5eca\uff09\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u67f1\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u5f62\u4f3c\u5f20\u5f00\u7684\u624b\u6307 11<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6781\u7b80\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u4e3a\u5b66\u533a\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u90e8\u95e8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6781\u5176\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u6548\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \u65e0\u9650\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5de5\u5382\u5e03\u5c40\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u53ea\u9700\u6cbf\u7740\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u5ba4\u5916\u8d70\u5eca\u7f51\u683c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u8f7b\u6613\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u6559\u5ba4\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u884c\u653f\u5355\u5143\u6216\u5a31\u4e50\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5951\u5408\u4e86\u6301\u7eed\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4eba\u53e3 11<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u6781\u4f73\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u91c7\u5149\u4e0e\u6c14\u5019\u8c03\u8282<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u5355\u5c42\u73bb\u7483\u7a97\u6237\u4e0e\u9ad8\u4fa7\u7a97\uff08Clerestories\uff09\u7684\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u65e0\u9634\u5f71\u81ea\u7136\u91c7\u5149\u4e0e\u7a7f\u5802\u98ce\u4ea4\u53c9\u901a\u98ce\uff08Cross-ventilation\uff09\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u6218\u540e\u5b66\u6821\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2d\u592e\u7a7a\u8c03\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7167\u660e\u4e0e\u80fd\u6e90\u8fd0\u8425\u6210\u672c 10<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u56fe\u7eb8\u590d\u7528\u4e0e\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u5efa\u8bbe<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u65b9\u6848\u4f7f\u5f97\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u548c\u5b66\u533a\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u6613\u5c06\u540c\u4e00\u5957\u56fe\u7eb8\u7565\u52a0\u4fee\u6539\u4fbf\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u5757\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u8bb8\u591a\u5efa\u7b51\u516c\u53f8\u751a\u81f3\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u79f0\uff0c\u63a5\u5230\u65b0\u5b66\u6821\u9879\u76ee\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u65e7\u56fe\u7eb8\u4e0a\u6362\u4e2a\u6821\u540d\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u5927\u5e45\u7f29\u77ed\u4e86\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5468\u671f\u4e0e\u5efa\u9020\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5feb\u901f\u6d88\u5316\u4e86\u5a74\u513f\u6f6e\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5c31\u5b66\u538b\u529b 36<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    4. \u8054\u90a6\u5e72\u9884\u4e0e\u7ecf\u8d39\u53cc\u8f68\u5236\uff1aImpact Aid \u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u9e3f\u6c9f\u7684\u663e\u73b0 (1950s)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    4.1 \u8054\u90a6\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6ce8\u5165\uff1aP.L. 815 \u4e0e P.L. 874<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6e90\u81ea\u5efa\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u79c9\u6301\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u6743\u5316\uff08Decentralization\uff09\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\uff08K-12\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u5730\u65b9\u5b66\u533a\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u666e\u901a\u8d23\u4efb\u503a\u5238\uff08General Obligation Bonds\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503a\u5238\u7684\u507f\u8fd8\u80fd\u529b\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7a0e\u6536\uff08Property Wealth\uff09\u6302\u94a9 1<\/sup>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u51b7\u6218\u521d\u671f\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u6269\u5f20\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u57fa\u5730\u548c\u56fd\u9632\u627f\u5305\u5546\u5728\u5404\u5dde\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u519b\u4eba\u4e0e\u8054\u90a6\u96c7\u5458\u5b50\u5f1f\u6d8c\u5165\u5f53\u5730\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u8054\u90a6\u571f\u5730\u4eab\u6709\u514d\u9664\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u4ea7\u7a0e\u7684\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u533a\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u6fc0\u589e\u65f6\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u5f81\u6536\u8d22\u4ea7\u7a0e\u5efa\u8bbe\u65b0\u6821\u820d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u8d22\u653f\u9762\u4e34\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u98ce\u9669 12<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e3a\u5f25\u8865\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u8d44\u91d1\u7f3a\u53e3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u4e8e1950\u5e74\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7b2c815\u53f7\u516c\u62a5\uff08Public Law 815\uff09\u548c\u7b2c874\u53f7\u516c\u62a5\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u8054\u90a6\u5f71\u54cd\u63f4\u52a9\u201d\uff08Impact Aid\uff09\u9879\u76ee 40<\/sup>\u3002P.L. 874 \u65e8\u5728\u8865\u52a9\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u8425\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u800c P.L. 815 \u5219\u4e13\u95e8\u6388\u6743\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u4e13\u5458\u5411\u8054\u90a6\u5f71\u54cd\u533a\u57df\u76f4\u63a5\u62e8\u4ed8\u5b66\u6821\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u6269\u5efa\u4e0e\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u8d44\u91d1 40<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u9996\u6b21\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u76f4\u63a5\u4ecb\u5165\u539f\u672c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5dde\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684K-12\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6295\u8d44\u9886\u57df 40<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    P.L. 815 \u4e0d\u4ec5\u7f13\u89e3\u4e86\u6218\u540e\u5b66\u533a\u7684\u7834\u4ea7\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e2d\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9644\u5e26\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u8d44\u91d1\u62e8\u4ed8\u4e0e\u5b66\u6821\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u5f00\u653e\u6761\u6b3e\u4e25\u683c\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5b66\u533a\u5fc5\u987b\u6309\u7167\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u513f\u7ae5\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u63a5\u6536\u8054\u90a6\u4eba\u5458\u5b50\u5f1f\u3002\u5728\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u4e54\u6cbb\u738b\u5b50\u53bf\uff08Prince George County\uff09\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u6b63\u662f\u4ee5\u5b66\u533a\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u4f9d\u636e P.L. 815 \u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u63f4\u52a9\u5408\u540c\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u8fd0\u7528\u8fdd\u7ea6\u548c\u8fdd\u5baa\u53cc\u91cd\u6253\u51fb\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u8be5\u5730\u5b9e\u884c\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\u5411\u9ed1\u4eba\u519b\u4eba\u5b50\u5f1f\u5f00\u653e 39<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u5224\u4f8b\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6821\u56ed\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u62e8\u4ed8\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5f3a\u529b\u63a8\u52a8\u6c11\u6743\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u653f\u7b56\u6760\u6746\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4.2 \u53cc\u8f68\u5236\u9884\u7b97\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u8d44\u672c\u9e3f\u6c9f\u7684\u6210\u578b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u8054\u90a6\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5168\u7f8e\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u975e\u8054\u90a6\u5f71\u54cd\u533a\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u4f9d\u7136\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u201c\u53cc\u8f68\u5236\u9884\u7b97\u201d\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u65b0\u5efa\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u571f\u5730\u6536\u8d2d\u3001\u91cd\u5927\u7ed3\u6784\u7ffb\u65b0\u7b49\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u201c\u8d44\u672c\u9884\u7b97\u201d\uff08Capital Budget\uff09\u4e0e\u7528\u4e8e\u65e5\u5e38\u6e05\u6d01\u4fee\u8865\u3001\u4fdd\u6d01\u53ca\u8bbe\u5907\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u201c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u9884\u7b97\u201d\uff08O&M Budget\uff09\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u5206\u79bb\u4e14\u8d44\u91d1\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e92\u901a\u7684 1<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8fd9\u79cd\u8d22\u653f\u5272\u88c2\u4f53\u5236\u5728\u5bcc\u88d5\u4e0e\u8d2b\u56f0\u5b66\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5212\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9053\u96be\u4ee5\u903e\u8d8a\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u8d44\u91d1\u9e3f\u6c9f\u3002\u5728\u5bcc\u88d5\u5b66\u533a\uff0c\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u623f\u4ea7\u4ef7\u503c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6821\u8463\u4f1a\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u8bf4\u670d\u9009\u6c11\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u989d\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u503a\u5238\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u914d\u5907\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u4f53\u80b2\u9986\u3001\u5c16\u7aef\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u4e00\u6d41\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u518d\u6b21\u63a8\u9ad8\u5f53\u5730\u623f\u4ef7\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u826f\u6027\u5faa\u73af 1<\/sup>\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u5b66\u533a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7a0e\u57fa\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8fde\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5c4b\u9876\u9632\u6f0f\u8d44\u672c\u503a\u5238\u90fd\u96be\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 1<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u66f4\u4e3a\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u51b3\u7b56\u524d\u671f\u8fdb\u884c\u7cbe\u7b97\u4e0e\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u6295\u5165\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u73af\u4fdd\u5efa\u6750\u6216\u957f\u5bff\u547d\u7684\u6696\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u538b\u964d\u521d\u59cb\u5efa\u8bbe\u6210\u672cCAPEX\uff09\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8d44\u6e90\u532e\u4e4f\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u5728\u6b65\u5165\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u65e5\u76ca\u8d8b\u7d27\u7684\u8fd0\u7ef4\u9884\u7b97\u4e2d\u6324\u51fa\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u6551\u706b\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u7d27\u6025\u7ef4\u4fee 1<\/sup>\u3002\u65e5\u5e38\u9884\u7b97\u88ab\u4e25\u91cd\u6324\u538b\u5bfc\u81f4\u5c0f\u6bdb\u75c5\u88ab\u62d6\u5ef6\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u5371\u697c\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d26\u9762\u4e0a\u6eda\u96ea\u7403\u822c\u7d2f\u79ef\u6210\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u201c\u8bbe\u65bd\u66f4\u65b0\u79ef\u538b\u201d\uff08Renewal Needs Backlog\uff09 1<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9884\u7b97\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u81f3\u4eca\u96be\u4ee5\u6839\u6cbb\u7684\u6821\u56ed\u6280\u672f\u503a\u52a1\u9690\u60a3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5. \u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u72c2\u98d9\uff1aEFL \u7684\u201c\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u201d\u5b9e\u9a8c (1950s – 1970s)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u9762\u5bf9\u65e5\u76ca\u52a0\u5267\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u5efa\u8bbe\u79ef\u538b\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7ecf\u8d39\u7d27\u5f20\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cc\u8f68\u5236\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7406\u6027\u5316\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u98a0\u8986\u4f20\u7edf\u201c\u4e00\u7816\u4e00\u74e6\u201d\u7684\u624b\u5de5\u5efa\u9020\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.1 \u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff08EFL\uff09\u7684\u201c\u8fdb\u653b\u6027\u6148\u5584\u201d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    1958\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u798f\u7279\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff08Ford Foundation\uff09\u7684\u5de8\u989d\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u201d\uff08Educational Facilities Laboratories, \u7b80\u79f0EFL\uff09\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u7531\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\u725b\u987f\u5e02\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u517c\u524d\u5b66\u76d1\u54c8\u7f57\u5fb7\u00b7\u6208\u5c14\u65af\uff08Harold B. Gores\uff09\u6302\u5e05 35<\/sup>\u3002\u4ece1958\u5e74\u81f31977\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u798f\u7279\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u4e3aEFL\u7d2f\u8ba1\u6ce8\u8d44\u9ad8\u8fbe2580\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143 35<\/sup>\u3002EFL\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6821\u56ed\u5efa\u7b51\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u4f7f\u547d\u662f\u523a\u6fc0\u5efa\u7b51\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5927\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u4ee5\u6700\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6210\u672c\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5176\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0e\u6548\u7528 35<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    EFL\u4e00\u6539\u4f20\u7edf\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u5750\u7b49\u8d44\u52a9\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8fdb\u653b\u6027\u6148\u5584\u201d\uff08Aggressive Philanthropy\uff09\u7684\u7b56\u7565 35<\/sup>\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u52a8\u51fa\u51fb\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u884c\u4e1a\u75db\u70b9\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u8d44\u52a9\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6269\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0cEFL\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u8bbe\u7acb\u603b\u90e8\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u6821\u89c4\u5212\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff08SPL\uff09\u548c\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5927\u5b66\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u5fc3 35<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u5176\u8fd130\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0cEFL\u5728\u7f8e\u52a0\u4e24\u56fd\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u6570\u4ee5\u5343\u8ba1\u7684\u5b66\u533a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u5efa\u8bbe\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u7d2f\u8ba1\u53d1\u653e\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e24\u767e\u4e07\u4efd\u5173\u4e8e\u65b0\u5174\u5efa\u7b51\u8d8b\u52bf\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u89c4\u5212\u4e0e\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u4e0e\u89c4\u5212\u6307\u5357 35<\/sup>\u3002EFL\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5c06\u5b66\u6821\u5efa\u7b51\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u6210\u672c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u5ea6\u878d\u5408\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df 44<\/sup>\u30021976\u5e74\u6208\u5c14\u65af\u9000\u4f11\u540e\uff0c\u5efa\u7b51\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u683c\u6797\uff08Alan C. Green\uff09\u63a5\u4efb\u603b\u88c1\uff0cEFL\u9010\u6e10\u8f6c\u578b\u4e3a\u81ea\u8d1f\u76c8\u4e8f\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5e76\u5165\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u5b66\u9662\uff08Academy for Educational Development\uff09 35<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5.2 SCSD\u9879\u76ee\u4e0e\u9884\u5236\u5efa\u7b51\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u5728EFL\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u4e3a\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u58ee\u4e3e\u65e0\u7591\u662f1961\u5e74\u81f31967\u5e74\u95f4\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u201c\u5b66\u6821\u5efa\u7b51\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\u201d\uff08School Construction Systems Development, \u7b80\u79f0SCSD\uff09 4<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u5e26\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u6297\u8272\u5f69\uff1a1961\u5e74\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u5dde\u957f\u7eb3\u5c14\u900a\u00b7\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\uff08Nelson Rockefeller\uff09\u4e3a\u4e86\u538b\u964d\u5efa\u8bbe\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f3a\u5236\u5168\u5dde\u65b0\u5efa\u5b66\u6821\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u5343\u7bc7\u4e00\u5f8b\u7684\u201c\u6807\u51c6\u56fe\u7eb8\u201d\uff08Stock Plans\uff09 4<\/sup>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u62b5\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u62b9\u6740\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u5012\u9000\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u300a\u5efa\u7b51\u8bba\u575b\u300b\u4e0eEFL\u8d5e\u52a9\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5cf0\u4f1a\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u517c\u987e\u6210\u672c\u4e0e\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848 4<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u57c3\u5179\u62c9\u00b7\u57c3\u4f26\u514b\u5170\u8328\uff08Ezra Ehrenkrantz\uff09\u53d7\u547d\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u6df1\u5165\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u6218\u540e\u5e94\u5bf9\u94a2\u6750\u77ed\u7f3a\u800c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684CLASP\uff08\u8f7b\u94a2\u7ed3\u6784\u9884\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u548c\u8d6b\u7279\u798f\u5fb7\u90e1\uff08Hertfordshire\uff09\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u9002\u5e94\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u9a71\u52a8\u7684SCSD\u7ec4\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784 4<\/sup>\u3002\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9879\u76ee\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u8054\u5408\u4e8613\u4e2a\u5b66\u533a\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u9700\u6c42\u6253\u5305\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u91c7\u8d2d\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86100\u591a\u5bb6\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u5de8\u5934\u6295\u5165\u8d44\u91d1\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u6750\u6599\u4e0e\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e13\u9879\u7814\u53d1 4<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    SCSD\u7edd\u975e\u63d0\u4f9b\u6574\u680b\u9884\u5236\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5177\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u7684\u201c\u6807\u51c6\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\uff08Kit of Parts\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u56db\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. \u7ed3\u6784\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u5177\u6709\u56fa\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u6027\u7684\u94a2\u5236\u5c4b\u9876\u677f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u8de8\u5ea6\u7684\u65e0\u67f1\u7a7a\u95f4\u652f\u6491 46<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u7167\u660e\u4e0e\u5929\u82b1\u677f\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff1a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u7167\u660e\u3001\u58f0\u5b66\u5438\u97f3\u3001\u94a2\u7ed3\u6784\u9632\u706b\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0b\u65b9\u53ef\u62c6\u5378\u9694\u65ad\u7684\u652f\u6491\u8f68\u9053\u7f51\u683c 46<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. \u6696\u901a\u7a7a\u8c03\uff08HVAC\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0e\u5929\u82b1\u677f\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u7f1d\u8854\u63a5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u51b7\u6696\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03 46<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. \u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u9694\u65ad\uff08Demountable Partitions\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u8bbe\u65bd\u6781\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f39\u6027\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5b66\u6821\u5728\u5468\u672b\u6216\u6691\u671f\u5229\u7528\u6781\u4f4e\u7684\u6539\u9020\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8c03\u6574\u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u6784\u5185\u90e8\u5899\u4f53 46<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      1965\u81f31968\u5e74\u95f4\uff0cSCSD\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u6210\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u55b7\u6cc9\u8c37\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff08Fountain Valley High School\uff09\u3001\u57c3\u5c14\u591a\u62c9\u591a\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff08El Dorado High School\uff09\u3001\u7d22\u8bfa\u62c9\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff08Sonora High School\uff09\u7b49\u5728\u5185\u768412\u6240\u6807\u6746\u5b66\u6821 4<\/sup>\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0cSCSD\u9879\u76ee\u6df1\u523b\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5efa\u7b51\u4e1a\u4e2d\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\uff08Systems Approach\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7406\u5ff5\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5168\u7f8e\u6570\u5343\u6240K-12\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u8fd8\u6269\u5c55\u81f3\u5927\u5b66\u4f4f\u5b85\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08URBS\uff09\u7b49\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d 35<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      5.3 \u201c\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u5e73\u9762\u201d\uff08Open-Plan Schools\uff09\u7684\u5174\u8870\u4e0e\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u53cd\u566c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      \u4f34\u968fSCSD\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6781\u81f4\u7a7a\u95f4\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0cEFL\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5927\u529b\u63a8\u5d07\u201c\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u5e73\u9762\u5b66\u6821\u201d\uff08Open-Plan Schools\uff09\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6559\u80b2\u6982\u5ff5 10<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u5ff5\u65e8\u5728\u5f7b\u5e95\u6253\u7834\u201c\u86cb\u76d2\u5f0f\u201d\uff08Egg-crate\uff09\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6559\u5ba4\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u62c6\u9664\u6240\u6709\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u627f\u91cd\u5899\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4f53\u95e8\uff0c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u94fa\u8bbe\u5730\u6bef\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u4f4e\u77ee\u7684\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u5bb6\u5177 44<\/sup>\u3002\u5176\u521d\u8877\u662f\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u56e2\u961f\u6559\u5b66\u201d\uff08Team Teaching\uff09\u3001\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u6307\u5bfc\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b66\u751f\u81ea\u7531\u79fb\u52a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e0\u7f1d\u534f\u4f5c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u73af\u5883 44<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ece\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u957f\u671f\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u58f0\u52bf\u6d69\u5927\u7684\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u906d\u9047\u4e86\u60e8\u91cd\u7684\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u3002\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u65ad\u88c2\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u5148\u950b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u73af\u5883\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0e\u4e00\u7ebf\u6559\u5e08\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u80fd\u529b\u4e25\u91cd\u8131\u8282 44<\/sup>\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u58f0\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff08Acoustical Problems\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4f20\u7edf\u9694\u97f3\u5899\u4f53\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f00\u655e\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u7ec4\u56e2\u961f\u540c\u65f6\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u7535\u89c6\u548c\u7535\u5f71\u6295\u5f71\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u73af\u5883\u566a\u97f3\u76f8\u4e92\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u96c6\u4e2d\u6ce8\u610f\u529b 50<\/sup>\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4e60\u60ef\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u9ed1\u677f\u6388\u8bfe\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u5e76\u672a\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u5339\u914d\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f00\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f9d\u7136\u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u4e00\u704c\u8f93 50<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6295\u5165\u8fd0\u8425\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u6124\u6012\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u4e0e\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u56e2\u961f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u52a8\u7528\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8fd0\u7ef4\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u67dc\u3001\u4e66\u67b6\u751a\u81f3\u91cd\u65b0\u8d2d\u4e70\u9ad8\u8fbe\u5929\u82b1\u677f\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5438\u97f3\u9694\u677f\uff08Sound-absorbent Partitions\uff09\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u5212\u5b9a\u7269\u7406\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u5c06\u5f00\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4\u751f\u786c\u5730\u5207\u5272\u56de\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u5757\u6559\u5ba4 48<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6559\u8bad\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u8b66\u793a\u4e86\u540e\u4e16\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u6784\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u505c\u7559\u5728\u5efa\u7b51\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u81ea\u55e8\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u57f9\u8bad\u3001\u58f0\u5b66\u5de5\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6559\u80b2\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u8fdb\u884c\u7d27\u5bc6\u878d\u5408 44<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      6. \u6743\u5229\u89c9\u9192\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\u91cd\u6784\uff1a\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u5851\u9020 (1970s – 1990s)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      \u8fdb\u516520\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6821\u56ed\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u4ece\u8ffd\u6c42\u201c\u5efa\u8bbe\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u201d\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u201c\u4fdd\u969c\u6559\u80b2\u516c\u5e73\u4e0e\u4eba\u6743\u201d\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u76f8\u7ee7\u51fa\u53f0\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u98a0\u8986\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u6821\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u65e0\u969c\u788d\u6539\u9020\u63a8\u5347\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u9884\u7b97\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      6.1 \u7b2c504\u6761\u6b3e\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5c4f\u969c\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u79fb\u9664<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      \u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u6d41\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u6b8b\u75be\u513f\u7ae5\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6781\u5ea6\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u4e0e\u9694\u79bb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u8fd0\u52a8\u9886\u8896\u6731\u8fea\u00b7\u4f11\u66fc\uff08Judy Heumann\uff09\u5728\u7ae5\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u66fe\u56e0\u4e58\u5750\u8f6e\u6905\u88ab\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u5b66\u6821\u5f53\u5c40\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u706b\u707e\u9690\u60a3\u201d\u800c\u906d\u62d2\u6536\uff1b\u5373\u4fbf\u540e\u6765\u5165\u5b66\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u9694\u79bb\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u5730\u4e0b\u5ba4\u4e2d\u63a5\u53d7\u51cf\u534a\u7684\u6559\u80b2 5<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6b67\u89c6\u57281973\u5e74\u300a\u5eb7\u590d\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Rehabilitation Act of 1973\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u6e05\u7b97\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5176\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u7b2c504\u6761\u6b3e\u201d\uff08Section 504\uff09 52<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u7b2c504\u6761\u6b3e\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u63a5\u53d7\u8054\u90a6\u8d22\u653f\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u6216\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08\u6db5\u76d6\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u53ca\u53c2\u4e0e\u8054\u90a6\u5348\u9910\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u79c1\u7acb\/\u5b97\u6559\u5b66\u6821\uff09\uff0c\u5747\u4e0d\u5f97\u56e0\u6b8b\u75be\u800c\u6b67\u89c6\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u6216\u5265\u593a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u6743\u5229 52<\/sup>\u3002\u4ece\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c504\u6761\u6b3e\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f3a\u5236\u529b\uff1a\u5b66\u6821\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u73b0\u6709\u5efa\u7b51\u5efa\u7acb\u65e0\u969c\u788d\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u8fd8\u88ab\u7edd\u5bf9\u7981\u6b62\u5c06\u6b8b\u75be\u5b66\u751f\u5b89\u7f6e\u5728\u8bf8\u5982\u5730\u4e0b\u5ba4\u3001\u7b80\u6613\u62d6\u8f66\uff08Trailers\uff09\u7b49\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u52a3\u8d28\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6559\u5ba4\u4e2d 53<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u8feb\u4f7f\u5168\u7f8e\u5404\u5b66\u533a\u7d27\u6025\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7269\u7406\u969c\u788d\u6e05\u9664\u9879\u76ee\uff08Removal of Pre-existing Physical Barriers\uff09\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u8bbe\u65bd\u5411\u5e38\u89c4\u6821\u56ed\u6e17\u900f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65 54<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      6.2 IDEA\u6cd5\u6848\u4e0e\u7279\u6b8a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u201c\u878d\u5408\u201d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      \u7d27\u968f\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e8e1975\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u6240\u6709\u6b8b\u75be\u513f\u7ae5\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300b\uff08EHA\uff0c\u53731990\u5e74\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u6cd5\u300bIDEA\uff09 5<\/sup>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u7b2c504\u6761\u6b3e\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u6b67\u89c6\u6761\u6b3e\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u5408\u7406\u4fbf\u5229\u201d\uff08Accommodations\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48IDEA\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u8054\u90a6\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u5b66\u6821\u5728\u201c\u6700\u5c11\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u73af\u5883\u201d\uff08Least Restrictive Environment, LRE\uff09\u4e2d\u4e3a\u6b8b\u75be\u513f\u7ae5\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u514d\u8d39\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u201d\uff08FAPE\uff09 5<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      IDEA\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u6548\uff1a\u5c06\u8fd1180\u4e07\u540d\u66fe\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u9664\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6b8b\u75be\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u88ab\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4ece\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u6536\u5bb9\u673a\u6784\u6216\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u793e\u533a\u90bb\u91cc\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u4e4b\u4e2d 58<\/sup>\u3002\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc766%\u7684\u6b8b\u75be\u513f\u7ae5\u81f3\u5c11\u670980%\u7684\u5728\u6821\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u5728\u666e\u901a\u6559\u80b2\u6559\u5ba4\u4e2d\u5ea6\u8fc7\u7684 58<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u7ed9\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u89c4\u5212\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e0e\u6269\u5f20\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u8bbe\u65bd\u603b\u76d1\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u8003\u8651\u6821\u56ed\u4e3b\u5e72\u9053\u7684\u8f6e\u6905\u53ef\u8fbe\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u6821\u56ed\u5efa\u7b51\u5185\u7cbe\u5fc3\u89c4\u5212\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4e0e\u804c\u4e1a\u6cbb\u7597\u5ba4\uff08Physical Therapy Rooms\uff09\u3001\u611f\u5b98\u8212\u7f13\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08Sensory Rooms\uff09\u3001\u5177\u5907\u7279\u6b8a\u533b\u7597\u8f85\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u8d77\u540a\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u65e0\u969c\u788d\u536b\u751f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u80fd\u591f\u5bb9\u7eb3\u65e5\u76ca\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u6280\u672f\u8bbe\u5907\uff08Assistive Technology\uff09\u7684\u7535\u529b\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u5197\u4f59\u7cfb\u7edf 56<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      6.3 1990\u5e74\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08ADA\uff09\u7684\u5168\u9762\u8986\u76d6<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      1990\u5e74\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Americans with Disabilities Act, ADA\uff09\u7684\u9881\u5e03\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5176\u9488\u5bf9\u5dde\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff08Title II\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u65e0\u969c\u788d\u6807\u51c6\u4ece\u201c\u63a5\u53d7\u8054\u90a6\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u201d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5927\u5e76\u7ec6\u5316\u4e3a\u5168\u7f8e\u6240\u6709\u516c\u5171\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5e95\u7ebf 13<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      ADA\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u5efa\u5b66\u6821\u5fc5\u987b\u4e25\u683c\u9075\u5b88\u300aADA\u65e0\u969c\u788d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6807\u51c6\u300b\uff08ADAAG\uff09\uff0c\u66f4\u5bf9\u5efa\u4e8e\u6218\u540e\u5a74\u513f\u6f6e\u65f6\u671f\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u591a\u5c42\u53f0\u9636\u3001\u72ed\u7a84\u95e8\u9053\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u5ea7\u6905\u548c\u975e\u5408\u89c4\u9ad8\u5ea6\u996e\u6c34\u673a\u7684\u6570\u4e07\u6240\u8001\u65e7\u5b66\u6821\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u6311\u6218 13<\/sup>\u3002\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u56e2\u961f\u88ab\u8feb\u5c06\u6781\u9ad8\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u8d44\u672c\u9884\u7b97\uff08Capital Outlays\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u65e0\u969c\u788d\u5761\u9053\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6d47\u7b51\u3001\u5408\u89c4\u7535\u68af\u7684\u7834\u5899\u5b89\u88c5\u3001\u76f2\u6587\u4e0e\u89e6\u89c9\u8b66\u544a\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u5168\u9762\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d17\u624b\u95f4\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u7ffb\u65b0\u6269\u5efa 61<\/sup>\u3002\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u95ee\u8d23\u5c40\uff08GAO\uff09\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4f9d\u7136\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5e9e\u5927\u7684K-12\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7531\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u6b20\u8d26\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7269\u7406\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5408\u89c4\u6027\u6539\u9020\uff08ADA Compliance\uff09\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u5404\u5730\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ecf\u7406\u6bcf\u5e74\u8d44\u672c\u7edf\u7b79\u89c4\u5212\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u9996\u8981\u521a\u6027\u7ea6\u675f 13<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      7. \u73af\u5883\u9690\u5f62\u70b8\u5f39\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u5e72\u9884\uff1aEPA \u7684\u5f3a\u529b\u4ecb\u5165 (1980s – 2000s)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      \u5982\u679c\u8bf420\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\u671f\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6269\u5927\u7269\u7406\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u5efa\u7b51\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u8001\u5316\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u6df1\u5316\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6821\u56ed\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u906d\u9047\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5065\u5eb7\u751f\u5b58\u5371\u673a\u3002\u6218\u540e\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u800c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u5efa\u6750\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u4e2d\u540e\u6bb5\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u6beb\u65e0\u9632\u5907\u7684\u5e08\u751f\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u81f4\u547d\u6bd2\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      7.1 AHERA \u4e0e\u77f3\u68c9\u5371\u673a\uff1a\u201c\u5b9a\u65f6\u70b8\u5f39\u201d\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e0e\u5265\u79bb<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      \u572820\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\u81f370\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u77f3\u68c9\u5177\u6709\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u9632\u706b\u3001\u9694\u70ed\u53ca\u58f0\u5b66\u9694\u97f3\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5176\u88ab\u6d77\u91cf\u5730\u55b7\u6d82\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u94a2\u7ed3\u6784\u9632\u706b\u5c42\u3001\u5929\u82b1\u677f\u9694\u97f3\u677f\u3001\u9505\u7089\u9694\u70ed\u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u4e59\u70ef\u57fa\u62fc\u82b1\u5730\u677f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ca5\u9752\u5c4b\u9876\u4e2d 63<\/sup>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6743\u5a01\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u542b\u6709\u77f3\u68c9\u7684\u6750\u6599\u7834\u635f\uff0c\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u77f3\u68c9\u7ea4\u7ef4\u88ab\u5438\u5165\u80ba\u90e8\u540e\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u708e\u4e0e\u75a4\u75d5\u5316\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u77f3\u68c9\u6c89\u7740\u75c5\uff08Asbestosis\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6f5c\u4f0f\u671f\u957f\u8fbe10\u81f350\u5e74\u7684\u6781\u9ad8\u81f4\u547d\u6027\u95f4\u76ae\u7624\uff08Mesothelioma\u764c\u75c7\uff09 64<\/sup>\u3002\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u513f\u7ae5\u547c\u5438\u9891\u7387\u9ad8\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u7528\u5634\u547c\u5438\u4e14\u6d3b\u52a8\u8f68\u8ff9\u9760\u8fd1\u5730\u9762\uff0c\u5176\u66b4\u9732\u4e0e\u53d1\u75c5\u98ce\u9669\u8fdc\u8d85\u6210\u4eba 64<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u9762\u5bf9\u5168\u7f8e3.5\u4e07\u6240\u542b\u6709\u77f3\u68c9\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u30011500\u4e07\u540d\u6f5c\u5728\u66b4\u9732\u5b66\u751f\u4e0e140\u4e07\u540d\u6559\u804c\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u6050\u614c\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u7d27\u6025\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u91cc\u6839\u603b\u7edf\u4e8e1986\u5e7410\u6708\u6b63\u5f0f\u7b7e\u7f72\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u77f3\u68c9\u5371\u5bb3\u5e94\u6025\u54cd\u5e94\u6cd5\u300b\uff08AHERA\uff09 6<\/sup>\u3002AHERA\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c40\uff08EPA\uff09\u4ee5\u6700\u9ad8\u884c\u653f\u957f\u5b98\u7684\u59ff\u6001\uff0c\u5411\u5168\u7f8e\u516c\u7acb\u53ca\u79c1\u7acb\u975e\u8425\u5229\u5b66\u6821\u4e0b\u8fbe\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u5e72\u9884\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u6388\u6743\u4e86\u6bcf\u5e742500\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3001\u603b\u8ba11\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8865\u5145\u8d44\u91d1\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u5408\u89c4\u843d\u5730 6<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u6839\u636eAHERA\uff0c\u5b66\u533a\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u90e8\u95e8\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u6781\u4e3a\u7e41\u91cd\u4e14\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e49\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. \u5730\u6bef\u5f0f\u6392\u67e5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u8058\u8bf7\u7ecf\u8fc7EPA\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u68c0\u9a8c\u5458\uff0c\u5bf9\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u5185\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6613\u788e\u4e0e\u975e\u6613\u788e\u77f3\u68c9\u542b\u6709\u6750\u6599\uff08ACM\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0e\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30 6<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. \u7ba1\u7406\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5448\u62a5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6cd5\u6848\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5236\u5b9a\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u201c\u77f3\u68c9\u7ba1\u7406\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff08Asbestos Management Plans\uff09\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u6240\u5728\u5dde\u5dde\u957f\u5ba1\u6279 63<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. \u9ad8\u9891\u76d1\u63a7\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f3a\u5236\u5b9e\u65bd\u6bcf\u4e09\u5e74\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5168\u9762\u590d\u68c0\uff08Re-inspection\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u516d\u4e2a\u6708\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5b9a\u671f\u76d1\u63a7 65<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        AHERA\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6821\u56ed\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u77f3\u68c9\u5f7b\u5e95\u5265\u79bb\uff08Abatement\uff09\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8017\u8d44\u60ca\u4eba\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8d44\u8d28\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u6495\u626f\u5e76\u9003\u8dd1\u201d\uff08rip and skip\uff09\u627f\u5305\u5546\u5728\u65bd\u5de5\u65f6\u672a\u91c7\u53d6\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8d1f\u538b\u9694\u79bb\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5411\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u81f4\u547d\u7ea4\u7ef4\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4e8c\u6b21\u6c61\u67d3\u707e\u96be 67<\/sup>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cEPA\u6307\u5357\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u5728\u6750\u6599\u672a\u4e25\u91cd\u7834\u635f\u65f6\u201c\u5c31\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u5e76\u5c01\u5b58\u201d\uff08Leave undamaged asbestos in place\uff09\u7684\u539f\u5219 64<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u4fdd\u6d01\u4eba\u5458\uff08Custodians\uff09\u548c\u7ef4\u4fee\u6280\u5de5\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u53d7\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5408\u89c4\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u6362\u706f\u6ce1\u3001\u7ef4\u4fee\u5929\u82b1\u677f\u4e0a\u65b9\u7ba1\u7ebf\u6216\u5904\u7406\u5265\u843d\u6cb9\u6f06\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6781\u5176\u7e41\u7410\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u963b\u65ad\u534f\u8bae 66<\/sup>\u3002AHERA\u7684\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u9884\u7b97\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u9690\u5f62\u7684\u3001\u957f\u8fbe\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u8d22\u52a1\u76d1\u6d4b\u8d1f\u503a\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u65f6\u70b8\u5f39 70<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        7.2 \u996e\u7528\u6c34\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u300a\u94c5\u6c61\u67d3\u63a7\u5236\u6cd5\u300b\uff08LCCA\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u4e0e\u77f3\u68c9\u5371\u673a\u51e0\u4e4e\u540c\u6b65\u7206\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6821\u56ed\u4f9b\u6c34\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u94c5\u6c61\u67d3\u60e8\u5267\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u94fa\u8bbe\u7684\u94c5\u5236\u7ed9\u6c34\u7ba1\u7f51\u3001\u94dc\u7ba1\u8fde\u63a5\u5904\u7684\u542b\u94c5\u710a\u6599\uff08Solder\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u996e\u6c34\u51b7\u5374\u5668\uff0c\u5728\u8150\u8680\u6027\u6c34\u8d28\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6d78\u6ce1\u4e0b\u6781\u6613\u6790\u51fa\u91cd\u91d1\u5c5e\u94c5 7<\/sup>\u3002\u94c5\u4e2d\u6bd2\u5bf9\u5a74\u5e7c\u513f\u53ca\u5b66\u9f84\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u80b2\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u667a\u5546\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u707e\u96be\u6027\u635f\u5bb3 7<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u57281986\u5e74\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6cd5\u300b\uff08SDWA\uff09\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u8981\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u65e0\u94c5\u201d\u7ba1\u4ef6\u4e0e\u710a\u6599\u7684\u7981\u4ee4\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e8e1988\u5e74\u4e13\u95e8\u9488\u5bf9\u516c\u7acb\u53ca\u79c1\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u4e0e\u6258\u513f\u8bbe\u65bd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u94c5\u6c61\u67d3\u63a7\u5236\u6cd5\u300b\uff08LCCA\uff09 7<\/sup>\u3002LCCA\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u884c\u653f\u7126\u70b9\u662f\u5f3a\u5236\u67e5\u9a8c\u5e76\u5f7b\u5e95\u79fb\u9664\u6240\u6709\u914d\u5907\u542b\u94c5\u5185\u886c\u6c34\u7bb1\u7684\u54c1\u724c\u996e\u6c34\u673a\uff08Water Coolers\uff09 7<\/sup>\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u6388\u6743\u75be\u75c5\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u9884\u9632\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08CDC\uff09\u5411\u5404\u5dde\u63d0\u4f9b\u62e8\u6b3e\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7b5b\u67e5\u513f\u7ae5\u8840\u94c5\u6c34\u5e73\u53ca\u5f00\u5c55\u6559\u80b2\u8ba1\u5212 72<\/sup>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1LCCA\u9488\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u62a5\u544a\u6761\u6b3e\u540e\u6765\u56e0\u906d\u9047\u53f8\u6cd5\u6311\u6218\u800c\u88ab\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5f7b\u5e95\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u6821\u56ed\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u6c34\u8d28\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u57fa\u7ebf\u64cd\u4f5c 7<\/sup>\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5dde\u7684\u536b\u751f\u6216\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u95e8\u5747\u8981\u6c42\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ecf\u7406\u8054\u5408\u72ec\u7acb\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u5bf9\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u6c34\u4e95\u7684\u6821\u533a\uff08\u76d1\u6d4b\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u3001\u6d4a\u5ea6\uff09\u53ca\u5e02\u653f\u7ba1\u7f51\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u6c34\u9f99\u5934\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u9891\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53d6\u6837\u76d1\u6d4b 1<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        7.3 \u80fd\u6e90\u5371\u673a\u7684\u53cd\u566c\u4e0e IAQ Tools for Schools \u8ba1\u5212<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5168\u7403\u80fd\u6e90\u5371\u673a\uff08Energy Crisis\uff09\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u5b66\u533a\u4e3a\u4e86\u7edd\u671b\u5730\u538b\u964d\u98d9\u5347\u7684\u4f9b\u6696\u548c\u5236\u51b7\u8d26\u5355\uff0c\u5bf9\u6821\u820d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u201c\u6c14\u5bc6\u6027\u201d\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u5982\u5c01\u6b7b\u539f\u672c\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u53c9\u901a\u98ce\u7684\u7a97\u6237\u3001\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u52a0\u5c4b\u9876\u548c\u5899\u4f53\u4fdd\u6e29\u5c42\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e25\u91cd\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u65b0\u98ce\u4ea4\u6362\u7387 1<\/sup>\u3002\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u77ed\u89c6\u7684\u9632\u5b88\u578b\u8282\u80fd\u63aa\u65bd\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u7684\u4e25\u5389\u53cd\u566c\uff1a\u201c\u75c5\u6001\u5efa\u7b51\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u201d\uff08Sick Building Syndrome\uff09\u5728\u5168\u7f8e\u6821\u56ed\u5927\u7206\u53d1 1<\/sup>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u901a\u98ce\u505c\u6ede\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u6e05\u6d01\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u6b8b\u7559\u3001\u6740\u866b\u5242\u3001\u4e8c\u624b\u70df\u3001\u5730\u6bef\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff08VOCs\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d7\u6f6e\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u9709\u83cc\u75af\u72c2\u6ecb\u751f\uff0c\u6821\u56ed\u5ba4\u5185\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u6781\u5ea6\u6076\u5316 1<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u6bcf13\u540d\u5b66\u9f84\u513f\u7ae5\u4e2d\u5c31\u67091\u540d\u7f79\u60a3\u54ee\u5598\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5f15\u53d1\u9ad8\u8fbe1400\u4e07\u4e2a\u75c5\u5047\u7f3a\u52e4\u65e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5a01\u80c1\u5e08\u751f\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u62d6\u7d2f\u4e86\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8868\u73b0\uff08Student Performance\uff09 1<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u9762\u5bf9\u201c\u5efa\u7b51\u8282\u80fd\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4eba\u5458\u5065\u5eb7\u201d\u7684\u5c16\u9510\u77db\u76fe\uff0cEPA \u4e8e1995\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u884c\u4e1a\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u5b66\u6821\u5ba4\u5185\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u201d\uff08IAQ Tools for Schools\uff09\u8ba1\u5212 15<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u81ea\u613f\u6027\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6307\u5357\u4e0e\u5b9e\u64cd\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u7cbe\u51c6\u5207\u4e2d\u4e86\u4e2d\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u5b66\u533a\u4ee5\u53ca\u519c\u6751\u5b66\u6821\u65e0\u529b\u8058\u8bf7\u6602\u8d35\u73af\u5883\u987e\u95ee\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7a\u6c14\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u75db\u70b9 15<\/sup>\u3002 IAQ\u6307\u5357\u5728\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9e\u52a1\u5c42\u9762\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u9879\u91cd\u5927\u8303\u5f0f\u7a81\u7834\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. \u901a\u98ce\u6307\u6807\u7684\u786c\u6027\u91cf\u5316\u951a\u5b9a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f3a\u5236\u5f15\u5165\u5e76\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u91c7\u6696\u3001\u5236\u51b7\u4e0e\u7a7a\u8c03\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5b66\u4f1a\uff08ASHRAE\uff09\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u6559\u5ba4\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u7ea6\u6bcf\u4eba15\u7acb\u65b9\u82f1\u5c3a\/\u5206\u949f\uff08cfm\uff09\u7684\u5ba4\u5916\u65b0\u98ce\u6362\u6c14\u7387 1<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u7ffb\u65b0\u6216\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u8bd5\uff08Commissioning\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6392\u98ce\u98ce\u95e8\u4e0e\u673a\u68b0\u8fd0\u8f6c\u8fbe\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. \u8de8\u90e8\u95e8\u5168\u5458\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8fd0\u7ef4<\/strong>\uff1aEPA\u5c06IAQ\u7ba1\u7406\u4ece\u5c11\u6570\u5730\u4e0b\u5ba4\u673a\u623f\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6697\u7bb1\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7531\u8bbe\u65bd\u534f\u8c03\u5458\u7275\u5934\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u3001\u62a4\u58eb\u3001\u5de5\u53cb\u53ca\u884c\u653f\u9ad8\u7ba1\u5171\u540c\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u54cd\u5e94\u56e2\u961f 1<\/sup>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u6c42\u8bbe\u65bd\u4eba\u5458\u6267\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5b9a\u671fHVAC\u9ad8\u6548\u6ee4\u7f51\uff08\u5982MERV 13\u7ea7\u522b\uff09\u66f4\u6362\u4e0e\u9632\u6f6e\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u8fd8\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u6559\u5e08\u4e25\u7981\u5728\u901a\u98ce\u8fdb\u6c14\u53e3\u5468\u56f4\u5806\u653e\u6559\u5177\u6742\u7269\uff1b\u5168\u9762\u63a8\u5e7f\u4f4e\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u201c\u7efc\u5408\u866b\u5bb3\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\uff08IPM\uff09\u4e0e\u7eff\u8272\u6e05\u6d01\uff08Green Cleaning\uff09\u4ea7\u54c1\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848 1<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
          \u8054\u90a6\u73af\u5883\u5065\u5eb7\u5e72\u9884\u6cd5\u6848\/\u8ba1\u5212<\/strong><\/td>\u9881\u5e03\u5e74\u4efd<\/strong><\/td>\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u957f\u671f\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
          \u300a\u77f3\u68c9\u5371\u5bb3\u5e94\u6025\u54cd\u5e94\u6cd5\u300b(AHERA)<\/strong><\/td>1986<\/td>\u5f3a\u5236\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e09\u5e74\u590d\u68c0\u3001\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5c31\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u5265\u79bb\u534f\u8bae\uff1b\u6784\u6210\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u671f\u9690\u5f62\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\u8d1f\u503a 6<\/sup>\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
          \u300a\u94c5\u6c61\u67d3\u63a7\u5236\u6cd5\u300b(LCCA)<\/strong><\/td>1988<\/td>\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u79fb\u9664\u542b\u94c5\u6c34\u7bb1\u996e\u6c34\u673a\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7ebf\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u6c34\u6e90\u5316\u5b66\u53d6\u6837\u53ca\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u534f\u4f5c\u673a\u5236 7<\/sup>\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
          IAQ Tools for Schools (EPA)<\/strong><\/td>1995<\/td>\u5e73\u8861\u5efa\u7b51\u6c14\u5bc6\u6027\u4e0e\u65b0\u98ce\u7387\uff0815 cfm\uff09\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u8bd5\u3001\u6e90\u5934\u524a\u51cf\u4e0e\u8de8\u90e8\u95e8\u5168\u5458\u9884\u9632\u7ba1\u7406\u8ba1\u5212 1<\/sup>\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          8. \u6570\u5b57\u5316\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0e\u6218\u7565\u8d44\u4ea7\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1a\u91cd\u6784\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406 (21\u4e16\u7eaa\u81f3\u4eca)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          \u8fdb\u516521\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u4ee5\u53ca\u524d\u8ff0\u79cd\u79cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5408\u89c4\u3001\u73af\u5883\u5065\u5eb7\u5b89\u5168\uff08EHS\uff09\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5c42\u5c42\u53e0\u52a0\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6821\u56ed\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u5f7b\u5e95\u544a\u522b\u4e86\u4f9d\u9760\u7eb8\u7b14\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u201c\u7ef4\u4fee\u961f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u4ee5\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u4ee5\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e3a\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u201c\u6218\u7565\u8d44\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\uff08Strategic Asset Management\uff09\u65f6\u4ee3 2<\/sup>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u79d1\u5b66\u5316\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u533a\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8d22\u653f\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7f3a\u9677\u4e5f\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          8.1 \u6570\u5b57\u5316\u57fa\u5efa\uff1aCMMS\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fd0\u7ef4\u9769\u547d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          \u73b0\u4ee3\u6821\u56ed\u7269\u7406\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff08\u96c6\u6210\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7684\u6696\u901a\u7a7a\u8c03\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7535\u6c14\u7f51\u7edc\u3001IT\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff09\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f9d\u9760\u4eba\u5de5\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f7b\u5e95\u5931\u6548 2<\/sup>\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5316\u7ef4\u62a4\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08CMMS\uff0c\u5982 Incident IQ \u7b49\u5e73\u53f0\uff09\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u90fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6570\u5b57\u5316 9<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u5de5\u5355\u5904\u7406\u3001\u9884\u9632\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\u5e93\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8d44\u4ea7\u4fdd\u4fee\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u8c03\u5ea6\u5168\u90e8\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e91\u7aef\u754c\u9762 9<\/sup>\u3002\u8bbe\u65bd\u56e2\u961f\u73b0\u5728\u80fd\u591f\u4f9d\u6258\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5de5\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0e\u7ef4\u4fee\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\uff08Maintenance History\uff09\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u7279\u5b9a\u9505\u7089\u6216\u5c4b\u9876\u7684\u201c\u603b\u62e5\u6709\u6210\u672c\u201d\uff08Total Cost of Ownership, TCO\uff09 9<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u7cbe\u51c6\u8fa8\u522b\u54ea\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5907\u5e94\u5f53\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ef4\u4fee\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5b95\u673a\u6210\u672c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u91cd\u7f6e\uff08Replacement\uff09\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u652f\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u5ea6 8<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          8.2 FCI \u6307\u6570\u4e0e\u5e94\u5bf9\u5929\u6587\u6570\u5b57\u822c\u7684\u201c\u66f4\u65b0\u9700\u6c42\u79ef\u538b\u201d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          \u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u7edf\u7b79\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u8bbe\u65bd\u72b6\u6001\u6307\u6570\u201d\uff08Facility Condition Index, FCI\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u6838\u5fc3\u91cf\u5316\u8bc4\u4ef7\u57fa\u51c6\u3002FCI\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u903b\u8f91\u4e3a\uff1a\u8bbe\u65bd\u66f4\u65b0\u79ef\u538b\u603b\u989d\uff08RNB\uff09\u9664\u4ee5\u8be5\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u91cd\u7f6e\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\uff08ARV\uff09 1<\/sup>\u3002FCI\u4e3a\u6821\u8463\u4f1a\u548c\u7eb3\u7a0e\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u7834\u8d25\u7a0b\u5ea6\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff08\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u72b6\u51b5\u8d8a\u5dee\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u9057\u7559\u7684\u201c\u53cc\u8f68\u5236\u9884\u7b97\u201d\u7f3a\u9677\uff08\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u8d44\u672c\u9884\u7b97\u4e0e\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u7ef4\u9884\u7b97\u7684\u5206\u79bb\uff09\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u6218\u540e\u5a74\u513f\u6f6e\u65f6\u671f\u96c6\u4e2d\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u6821\u820d\uff08\u8bb8\u591a\u697c\u9f84\u5df2\u8d85\u8fc765\u5e74\uff09\u6574\u4f53\u8fc8\u5165\u8001\u5316\u5468\u671f\u7684\u5c3e\u58f0\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u5317\u7f8e\u5404\u5730\u5b66\u533a\u666e\u904d\u80cc\u8d1f\u7740\u5929\u6587\u6570\u5b57\u822c\u7684\u201c\u8bbe\u65bd\u66f4\u65b0\u79ef\u538b\u201d\uff08Renewal Needs Backlog\uff09 1<\/sup>\u3002\u4ee5\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u6559\u80b2\u5c40\uff08TDSB\uff09\u7b49\u5317\u7f8e\u5927\u578b\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u6d4b\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u65f6\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u8001\u65e7\u5386\u53f2\u5efa\u7b51\uff08\u5982\u5bbd\u9614\u8d70\u5eca\u3001\u5927\u793c\u5802\uff09\u7684\u8d85\u6807\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cd\u7f6e\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5206\u6bcd\uff08ARV\uff09\u88ab\u4e25\u91cd\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4eba\u4e3a\u63a8\u9ad8\u4e86FCI\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u6821\u7684FCI\u7adf\u7136\u7578\u9ad8\u81f3\u8d85\u8fc7100%\u7684\u8352\u8c2c\u7a0b\u5ea6 1<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u9762\u5bf9\u5982\u6b64\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u7f3a\u53e3\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u6280\u672f\u503a\u52a1\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u603b\u76d1\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u88abFCI\u6570\u5b57\u7ed1\u67b6\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u98ce\u9669\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6267\u884c\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u9ad8FCI\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u5efa\u7b51\u201c\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u201d 1<\/sup>\u3002\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7701\u7ea7\u6216\u5dde\u7ea7\u62e8\u6b3e\u88ab\u4e25\u5bc6\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u6d88\u9664\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u5065\u5eb7\u6784\u6210\u76f4\u63a5\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\u6d88\u9664\u6fd2\u4e34\u5d29\u584c\u7684\u542b\u77f3\u68c9\u5c4b\u9876\u3001\u66f4\u6362\u5931\u6548\u7684\u51ac\u5b63\u4f9b\u6696\u9505\u7089\uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u8feb\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u7ef4\u6301\u6027\u6025\u6551\u201d\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u52c9\u5f3a\u5ef6\u957f\u5173\u952e\u8bbe\u5907\u4e00\u81f3\u4e24\u5e74\u7684\u5bff\u547d 1<\/sup>\u3002\u8bbe\u65bd\u603b\u76d1\u62ff\u7740\u7531CMMS\u751f\u6210\u7684\u957f\u671f\u9884\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u8d70\u5411\u9884\u7b97\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5730\u5411\u9009\u6c11\u4e0e\u653f\u5ba2\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u7684\u9884\u9632\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\u6295\u8d44\u8fdc\u6bd4\u5c06\u5c0f\u6bdb\u75c5\u62d6\u6210\u5371\u697c\u540e\u518d\u88ab\u52a8\u91cd\u7f6e\u66f4\u5177\u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca\uff08Value for Money\uff09 1<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          8.3 \u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u6210\u719f\u4e0e\u201c\u6218\u7565\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u201d\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u8715\u53d8<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          \u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u771f\u6b63\u4ece\u7eaf\u540e\u53f0\u7684\u884c\u653f\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u201c\u6218\u7565\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u201d\uff08Strategic Partner\uff09 2<\/sup>\u3002\u4ee5\u5168\u56fd\u5b66\u6821\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u4f1a\uff08NSPMA\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1996\u5e74\uff09\u3001APPA\u7b49\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u63a8\u52a8\u884c\u4e1a\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08\u5982 CEFP\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e13\u4e1a\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001CDF\u8bbe\u65bd\u603b\u76d1\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff09\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0e\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u5bfc\u529b 25<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bae\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u201c\u4fdd\u6301\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u4e0d\u6f0f\u6c34\u201d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8fd0\u8f6c\u5e95\u7ebf\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          1. \u5f15\u9886\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0eESG\u613f\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e26\u5934\u89c4\u5212\u6821\u56ed\u7684\u7eff\u8272\u80fd\u6e90\u8f6c\u578b\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u78b3\u4e2d\u548c\u51cf\u6392\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6267\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u56de\u6536\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316 2<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. \u6784\u5efa\u667a\u6167\u6821\u56ed\uff08Smart Campus\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6df1\u5ea6\u5229\u7528\u7269\u8054\u7f51\uff08IoT\uff09\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u76d1\u6d4b\u5b9e\u65f6\u5360\u7528\u7387\u4e0e\u5ba4\u5185\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u5927\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u52a8\u6001\u4f18\u5316\u6696\u901a\u7a7a\u8c03\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5efa\u7b51\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u6781\u81f4\u6316\u6398 2<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. \u4e3b\u5bfc\u5f39\u6027\uff08Resilience\uff09\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u89c4\u5212<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\u5bf9MERV\u6ee4\u7f51\u4e0e\u65b0\u98ce\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7d27\u6025\u5927\u4fee\uff09\u3001\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6df7\u5408\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u6216\u6781\u7aef\u6c14\u5019\u707e\u5bb3\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u201c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6821\u56ed\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ef7\u503c\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u4ea7\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u672a\u6765\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u5185\u4fdd\u6301\u5f3a\u97e7\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u4e0e\u4fdd\u503c\u80fd\u529b 2<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            9. \u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u8fc1\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u5171\u751f\u5171\u6f14<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            \u7eb5\u89c2\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u903e\u4e00\u4e2a\u534a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6062\u5f18\u6f14\u8fdb\u53f2\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u89c9\u9192\u4e0e\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u5316\u4ea4\u878d\u7684\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u4ece19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u671f\u88ab\u6df1\u9501\u4e8e\u591a\u5c42\u7816\u77f3\u5927\u697c\u5730\u4e0b\u5ba4\u91cc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u201c\u5de5\u53cb\u201d\uff0c\u5230\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u671f\u63a8\u6572\u6bcf\u4e00\u5bf8\u513f\u7ae5\u751f\u7406\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5de8\u5320\uff1b\u4ece\u6218\u540e\u5a74\u513f\u6f6e\u65f6\u671f\u8ffd\u6c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u3001\u9884\u5236\u5316\u90e8\u4ef6\uff08SCSD\uff09\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u767e\u4e07\u5b66\u4f4d\u5371\u673a\u7684EFL\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\uff0c\u5230\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u6d2a\u6d41\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4e86\u634d\u536b\u5e73\u7b49\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u6743\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7838\u6bc1\u7684\u9ad8\u8038\u53f0\u9636\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u58c1\u5792\uff1b\u518d\u4ece\u88ab\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u5929\u82b1\u677f\u4e0e\u6c34\u7ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u77f3\u68c9\u548c\u94c5\u7b49\u81f4\u547d\u6bd2\u836f\u903c\u8feb\u51fa\u7684\u6781\u5176\u4e25\u82db\u7684EPA\u73af\u4fdd\u89c4\u8303\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5230\u5982\u4eca\u4f9d\u6258\u590d\u6742CMMS\u4e91\u7aef\u6570\u636e\u4e0eFCI\u6307\u6570\u7cbe\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e00\u5206\u8d44\u672c\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u6218\u7565\u7ba1\u7406\u56e2\u961f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0e\u9635\u75db\uff0c\u90fd\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u3001\u6cd5\u5b66\u4e0e\u91d1\u878d\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u70d9\u5370\uff0c\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u539f\u672c\u9759\u9ed8\u7684\u7816\u5757\u3001\u5899\u677f\u4e0e\u6696\u901a\u7ba1\u9053\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eca\u5929\u4f9d\u7136\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u7531\u4e8e\u8054\u90a6\u5206\u6743\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7a0e\u57fa\u5dee\u5f02\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u8d44\u672c\u8d44\u91d1\u914d\u7f6e\u9e3f\u6c9f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6218\u540e\u5386\u53f2\u5efa\u7b51\u6750\u6599\u96c6\u4e2d\u8001\u5316\u6240\u9057\u7559\u7684\u5929\u6587\u6570\u5b57\u822c\u7684\u201c\u66f4\u65b0\u9700\u6c42\u79ef\u538b\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u8303\u5f0f\u5df2\u7136\u5f7b\u5e95\u6210\u719f\u3002\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u201c\u786e\u4fdd\u516c\u5171\u5065\u5eb7\u7edd\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4f18\u5316\u80fd\u6e90\u4e0e\u51c0\u96f6\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u6548\u80fd\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u7075\u6d3b\u652f\u6491\u524d\u6cbf\u79d1\u6280\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5\u201d\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u535a\u5f08\u4e0e\u5e73\u8861\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u4e2d\u6d41\u7825\u67f1\u822c\u7684\u6218\u7565\u67a2\u7ebd\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u6821\u56ed\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5bb9\u7eb3\u77e5\u8bc6\u5355\u5411\u704c\u8f93\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u6709\u751f\u547d\u529b\u3001\u80fd\u591f\u79ef\u6781\u8d4b\u80fd\u4e2a\u4f53\u6210\u957f\u3001\u4fdd\u969c\u516c\u5171\u5065\u5eb7\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u533a\u798f\u7949\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u8457\u4f5c<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            1. \u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u6821\u56ed\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76, https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1cIPDZACo-eeVqZSu2IHZkeq5lfBwH2IciI8kE2xc86c<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            2. \u300a\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u300b.pdf, https:\/\/drive.google.com\/open?id=1ULXaVKz-AcblwUBpHE65YsDYOUxKw5I9<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            3. Progressive paradox: the origin story of school janitors in the United States – ResearchGate, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/360639180_Progressive_paradox_the_origin_story_of_school_janitors_in_the_United_States<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            4. School Construction Systems Development project – Wikipedia, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/School_Construction_Systems_Development_project<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            5. How Dismantling the Education Department Could Affect Disabled Students across the US, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.urban.org\/urban-wire\/how-dismantling-education-department-could-affect-disabled-students-across-us<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            6. Signing of Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act | About EPA, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/archive\/epa\/aboutepa\/signing-asbestos-hazard-emergency-response-act.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            7. History of Lead Regulation in Drinking Water Supplies – North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/deq.nd.gov\/publications\/mf\/HistoryOfLeadRegulationInDrinkingWaterSupplies.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            8. What Districts with Effective School Facilities Master Plans Do Differently – Incident IQ, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.incidentiq.com\/blog\/effective-school-facilities-master-plan<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            9. Ultimate Guide to School Facilities Management – Incident IQ, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.incidentiq.com\/blog\/ultimate-guide-school-facility-management<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            10. Los Angeles Unified School District Historic Context, 1870-1969, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/planning.lacity.gov\/odocument\/5a14c032-614e-4cd2-b58a-9507df31fbd1\/Los%20Angeles%20Unified%20School%20District%20Historic%20Context%2C%201870-1969.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            11. A New Architecture for Man: The Modular, Prefabricated Buildings of Ernest J. Kump, Jr. – UC Berkeley, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/escholarship.org\/content\/qt8gb6n8r4\/qt8gb6n8r4.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            12. ERIC, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED034903.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            13. It’s the 30th Anniversary of the ADA. What’s Changed? | U.S. GAO, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/blog\/its-30th-anniversary-ada.-whats-changed<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            14. Disability Rights Laws in Public Primary and Secondary Education: How Do They Relate?, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/adata.org\/factsheet\/disability-rights-laws-public-primary-and-secondary-education-how-do-they-relate<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            15. US EPA to Advance Indoor Air\/Ventilation in Schools – American Public Health Association, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.apha.org\/getcontentasset\/d3981864-568d-4e9d-a7aa-9fb6ed52648c\/7ca0dc9d-611d-46e2-9fd3-26a4c03ddcbb\/210828_dem_leaders_schools_indoor_air.pdf?language=en<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            16. The Lead Contamination Control Act (LCCA) – Mass.gov, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/info-details\/the-lead-contamination-control-act-lcca<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            17. Planning Guide for Maintaining School Facilities – National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/pubs2003\/2003347a.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            18. School Facilities Planning: Creating a Facilities Master Plan – Incident IQ, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.incidentiq.com\/blog\/school-facilities-master-plan<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            19. Education: Schools of Tomorrow – TIME, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/time.com\/archive\/6832559\/education-schools-of-tomorrow\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            20. The Educational Facilities Laboratories (EFL): A History – ResearchGate, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/234635122_The_Educational_Facilities_Laboratories_EFL_A_History<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            21. 41 THE SCHOOL JANITOR – ERIC, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED540328.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            22. School for Custodians, Janitors – Colorado Department of Education, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/spl.cde.state.co.us\/artemis\/uncserials\/unc111internet\/1911-1934\/unc111ser26n7internet.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            23. Syllabus of a course in the principles of educational administration, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/87\/Syllabus_of_a_course_in_the_principles_of_educational_administration_%28IA_syllabusofcourse00stra%29.pdf?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            24. APPA History, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.appa.org\/appa-history<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            25. History \u2013 MAPPA, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/mappa.appa.org\/history\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            26. may\/june 2014 | Facilities Manager, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www1.appa.org\/files\/FMArticles\/FM_18-29_MJ14.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            27. Community College Trustees (ACCT), the League for Inmvation in the – ERIC, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED342431.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
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            29. About – A4LE, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.a4le.org\/A4LE\/a4le\/about\/about.aspx<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            30. Organisational Structure – Learning Environments Australasia: Enhancing the Educational Experience, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/learningenvironments.org.au\/organisational-structure\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            31. Washington Chapter Presidential Conference History – A4LE, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.a4le.org\/A4LE\/Pacific_Northwest\/Washington\/Presidential_History.aspx<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            32. A4LE-Association for Learning Environments Overview, Address & Contact – Prospeo, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/prospeo.io\/c\/a4le-association-for-learning-environments<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            33. The baby boom (article) | Khan Academy, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/us-history\/postwarera\/postwar-era\/a\/the-baby-boom<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            34. The Baby Boom Era: Impact on American Society | Our Unbounded Heritage, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/joannedi.wordpress.com\/2018\/07\/07\/americas-post-wwii-baby-boom\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
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            36. THE “CALIFORNIA” FINGER-PLAN SCHOOL: Incubator for the Baby Boom – ARCHITEXT by Arrol Gellner, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c http:\/\/arrolgellner.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/the-california-finger-plan-school.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            37. Mid-Century Modernism Historic Context – City of Fresno, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.fresno.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/HistoricPresMidCenturyFeb122009.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            38. The Central Valley and the origins of California’s mid-century “finger plan” schools – KVPR, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.kvpr.org\/podcast\/central-valley-roots\/2025-11-19\/the-central-valley-and-the-origins-of-californias-mid-century-finger-plan-schools<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            39. The Truth About Impact Aid & All the Lies You’ve Been Sold, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.militarykids.net\/post\/the-truth-about-impact-aid-all-the-lies-you-ve-been-sold<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            40. Impact Aid’s 60 Years: 1950 – 1970 – National Association of Federally Impacted Schools, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.nafisdc.org\/impact-aid-resources\/about-impact-aid\/history\/impact-aids-60-years-1950-1970\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            41. Impacted School Aid – CQ Almanac Online Edition, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/library.cqpress.com\/cqalmanac\/document.php?id=cqal70-1294793<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            42. 20 USC CHAPTER 70, SUBCHAPTER VII: IMPACT AID, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml?path=\/prelim@title20\/chapter70\/subchapter7&edition=prelim<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
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            45. Sheltering Education: Open System Prototyping in the School Construction Systems Development (SCSD) – Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.acsa-arch.org\/proceedings\/Annual%20Meeting%20Proceedings\/ACSA.AM.96\/ACSA.AM.96.69.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
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            47. PUB DATE EDPS PRICE SCSD: The Project and the Schools. A Report from Educational Facilities Laboratories, 477 Madison Building E – ERIC, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED035180.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            48. A History of School Design and its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today – ERIC, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED539480.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            49. Indiana architect. JULY 1969 – USModernist, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.usmodernist.org\/AIAIN\/AIAIN-1969-07.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            50. Building for Learning in Postwar American Elementary Schools Author(s), \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c http:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/arena-attachments\/2488340\/a3ebf189dbbd56968fabee485ffb23d5.pdf?1532836523<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
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            52. 50 Years of Section 504 – Equal Opportunity, Compliance, and Conflict Management, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/eoc.gatech.edu\/ada-compliance\/50-years-section-504<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            53. Section 504 Facts – Council of Parent Attorneys and Advocates, Inc., \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.copaa.org\/page\/section-504-facts<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            54. Rehabilitation Act – Medgar Evers College, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.mec.cuny.edu\/student-success\/office-of-accessibility-and-accommodations-services\/rehabilitation-act\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            55. Section 504 – Oklahoma Parents Center, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/oklahomaparentscenter.org\/section-504\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
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            57. The History Behind the Americans with Disabilities Act – disAbility Law Center of Virginia, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.dlcv.org\/ada-history-blog<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            58. A History of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/sites.ed.gov\/idea\/IDEA-History<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            59. Frequently Asked Questions: Section 504 Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE), \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.ed.gov\/laws-and-policy\/civil-rights-laws\/disability-discrimination\/frequently-asked-questions-section-504-free-appropriate-public-education-fape<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            60. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Part B, Data Collection History, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.ed.gov\/media\/document\/b-datahistorypdf-72385.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
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            62. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, As Amended, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.ada.gov\/law-and-regs\/ada\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            63. Asbestos in Our Nation’s Schools: A Ticking Time Bomb – Sokolove Law, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.sokolovelaw.com\/blog\/asbestos-in-our-nations-schools\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            64. EPA Needs to Re-Evaluate Its Compliance Monitoring Priorities for Minimizing Asbestos Risks in Schools, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2018-09\/documents\/_epaoig_20180917-18-p-0270.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            65. Indoor Environmental Contaminants in Schools | US EPA, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/iaq-schools\/indoor-environmental-contaminants-schools<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            66. Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act – U.S.C. Title 15 – COMMERCE AND TRADE, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/USCODE-2009-title15\/html\/USCODE-2009-title15-chap53-subchapII.htm<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
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            69. Is the school district required to do anything about asbestos in its school buildings? – EPA, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/asbestos\/school-district-required-do-anything-about-asbestos-its-school-buildings<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
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            81. Strategic Asset Management and the Evaluation of Office Workplace Utility – ResearchGate, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/37619400_Strategic_Asset_Management_and_the_Evaluation_of_Office_Workplace_Utility<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
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            85. About Us | SCSPMA – South Carolina School Plant Management Association, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 21, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/scspma.net\/about\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
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