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18\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u81f319\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6025\u5267\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u810f\u4e71\u5dee\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e86\u533b\u9662\u5185\u90e8\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u201c\u5ead\u9662\u5f0f\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5b66\u6821\u5f0f\u201d\u533b\u9662\u5efa\u7b51\u56e0\u5176\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u5e03\u5c40\u4ee5\u53ca\u6781\u5ea6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u7136\u5149\u548c\u65b0\u9c9c\u7a7a\u6c14\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u81f4\u547d\u75be\u75c5\u6ecb\u751f\u7684\u6e29\u5e8a 5<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u624b\u672f\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u6076\u52a3\u73af\u5883\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u9662\u5185\u611f\u67d3\u5982\u540c\u761f\u75ab\u822c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u75c5\u623f\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u533b\u9662\u75c5\u201d\uff08Hospitalism\uff09\u6216\u201c\u75c5\u623f\u70ed\u201d\uff08Ward fever\uff09\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u624b\u672f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b 9<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u57281853\u5e74\u81f31856\u5e74\u7684\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9a\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5357\u4e01\u683c\u5c14\u7387\u9886\u62a4\u7406\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u8fdc\u79bb\u4e3b\u8981\u6218\u573a\u7684\u571f\u8033\u5176\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u533b\u9662\u5c55\u5f00\u5de5\u4f5c 10<\/sup>\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u62e5\u6324\u3001\u80ae\u810f\u4e14\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u75c5\u623f\uff0c\u5357\u4e01\u683c\u5c14\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec5\u4ec5\u505c\u7559\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u62a4\u7406\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u548c\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u624d\u80fd\u3002\u5979\u4e0e\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u6cd5\u5c14\uff08William Farr\uff09\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u5e76\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u60a3\u8005\u9884\u540e\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5728\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5f71\u54cd\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u6548\u7387\u548c\u533b\u9662\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e8b\u9879\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u300b\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u65e0\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u8bc1\u636e\uff08\u5982\u6781\u5177\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u73ab\u7470\u56fe\uff09\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u58eb\u5175\u5e76\u975e\u6b7b\u4e8e\u6218\u573a\u521b\u4f24\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6b7b\u4e8e\u6591\u75b9\u4f24\u5bd2\u3001\u970d\u4e71\u548c\u75e2\u75be\u7b49\u7531\u6076\u52a3\u536b\u751f\u6761\u4ef6\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u53ef\u9884\u9632\u75be\u75c5 9<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff1a\u673a\u7535\u6280\u672f\u7206\u70b8\u3001\u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u533b\u9662\u201d\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6025\u5267\u6500\u5347<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u8d44\u91d1\u4e0e\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/td>\u5546\u4e1a\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u9669\u4e0eMedicare\/Medicaid\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u5bc6\u96c6\u3002<\/td>\u666e\u904d\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u6c11\u5065\u5eb7\u8986\u76d6\uff08UHC\uff09\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u9884\u7b97\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u529b\u5f3a\u3002<\/td>\u4e2d\u56fd\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6df1\u5316\u533b\u6539\uff1b\u65e5\u672c\u4f9d\u6258\u79c1\u4eba\u533b\u7597\u8d44\u672c\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5206\u6563\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e0e\u5e8a\u4f4d\u7279\u5f81<\/strong><\/td>\u4eba\u5747\u4f4f\u9662\u65e5\u77ed\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u8bbe\u65bd\u8f6c\u4e3a\u95e8\u8bca\u624b\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u8ffd\u6c42\u6781\u81f4\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u5355\u95f4\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/td>\u5f3a\u8c03\u533a\u57df\u534f\u540c\u4e0e\u56e2\u7ed3\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5404\u56fd\u4e13\u79d1\u4f18\u52bf\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u957f\u671f\u5eb7\u590d\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/td>\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b58\u5728\u5de8\u578b\u5355\u4f53\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u95e8\u8bca\u91cf\u60ca\u4eba\uff1b\u65e5\u672c\u5e8a\u4f4d\u5206\u6563\uff0c\u4e2d\u5c0f\u578b\u533b\u9662\u6797\u7acb\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ef4\u62a4\u6210\u672c<\/strong><\/td>\u51a0\u7edd\u5168\u7403\u3002\u95e8\u8bca\u548c\u4f4f\u9662\u670d\u52a1\u8d39\u7528\u5360\u5065\u5eb7\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4efd\u989d\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u8d39\uff08Facility fees\uff09\u3002<\/td>\u7ef4\u62a4\u6210\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u5b58\u91cf\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7ffb\u65b0\u4e0e\u80fd\u6e90\u6548\u7387\uff08\u5982\u8001\u65e7\u7597\u517b\u9662\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8f6c\u6362\uff09\u3002<\/td>\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u7ecf\u5386\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u5efa\u8bbe\uff1b\u65e5\u672c\u9762\u4e34\u8001\u65e7\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ffb\u65b0\u4e0e\u8001\u9f84\u5316\u9002\u914d\u7684\u9ad8\u6602\u8d22\u52a1\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
\u60a3\u8005\u5065\u5eb7\u7ed3\u5c40\u5339\u914d\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u5747\u652f\u51fa\u8fd1\u4e4e\u7ffb\u500d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9884\u671f\u5bff\u547d\u7b49\u957f\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0a\u843d\u540e\u4e8e\u540c\u884c\uff0c\u51f8\u663e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8f\u89c2\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3002<\/td>\u5728\u4ea7\u5987\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u3001\u672f\u540e\u5e76\u53d1\u75c7\u63a7\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u6574\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bb9\u91cf\u5339\u914d\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u5747\u8861\u4e14\u4f18\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<\/td>\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u5065\u5eb7\u6307\u6807\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\uff1b\u65e5\u672c\u4f4d\u5c45\u5168\u7403\u9884\u671f\u5bff\u547d\u524d\u5217\uff0c\u4f46\u9762\u4e34\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u533b\u62a4\u5371\u673a\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5317\u7f8e\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1a\u6781\u81f4\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u5bc6\u96c6\u4e0e\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u6210\u672c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u6df1\u53d7\u8d44\u672c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5185\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u52301925\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u673a\u6784\u4e0e\u79c1\u4eba\u8d44\u672c\u5171\u540c\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5fd7\u613f\u533b\u9662\u7f51\u7edc 14<\/sup>\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u533b\u7597\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u5927\u652f\u51fa\u7c7b\u522b\u662f\u4f4f\u9662\u548c\u95e8\u8bca\u62a4\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u88ab\u5206\u644a\u7684\u9ad8\u6602\u8bbe\u65bd\u8d39\uff08Facility fees\uff0929<\/sup>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4eba\u5747\u533b\u7597\u652f\u51fa\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e24\u500d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9884\u671f\u5bff\u547d\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u6cbb\u7597\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0a\u5374\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u8fd9\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5176\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u77db\u76fe 30<\/sup>\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u533b\u9662\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u7e41\u6742\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u73af\u5883\uff08\u5982NFPA\u751f\u547d\u5b89\u5168\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u8054\u5408\u59d4\u5458\u4f1aJCI\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u533b\u9662\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5168\u5929\u5019\uff0824\/7\uff09\u7684\u65e0\u7f1d\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u8bbe\u65bd\u56e2\u961f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u6301\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u6602\u8d35\u3001\u6700\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u533b\u7597\u6280\u672f\u786c\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0b\u6253\u9020\u80fd\u591f\u5ab2\u7f8e\u9ad8\u7aef\u9152\u5e97\u7684\u7269\u7406\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u5438\u5f15\u9ad8\u51c0\u503c\u60a3\u8005\u548c\u4f18\u8d28\u533b\u7597\u4eba\u624d 2<\/sup>\u3002\u5317\u7f8e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u5efa\u7b51\u7cfb\u7edf\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u6210\u719f\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u5916\u5305\uff08Outsourcing\uff09\u4e1a\u52a1\u589e\u957f\u6700\u5f3a\u52b2\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4e4b\u4e00 31<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6781\u9650\u4e0e\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7834\u89e3<\/strong> \u4e2d\u56fd\u533b\u7597\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea2\u5229\u3001\u4f53\u5236\u53d8\u8fc1\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u8c31\u6f14\u53d8\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002\u4ece1835\u5e74\u897f\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5728\u5927\u9646\u5efa\u7acb\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u897f\u5f0f\u533b\u9662\u8d77\uff0c\u76f4\u81f31949\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u201c\u533b\u9662\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08Hospital-centric model\uff09\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u9501\u5165\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u56db\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff1a\u8d22\u653f\u8d44\u6e90\u538b\u5012\u6027\u5730\u5411\u5927\u578b\u533b\u9662\u503e\u659c\uff1b\u9ad8\u7d20\u8d28\u7684\u533b\u7597\u4eba\u624d\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u65bd\u5185\uff1b\u533b\u9662\u9644\u8bbe\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u95e8\u8bca\u90e8\u5145\u5f53\u7740\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u9996\u8bca\u5165\u53e3\uff1b\u65e9\u671f\u8d44\u6e90\u5f80\u5f80\u4f18\u5148\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u6743\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u9700\u6c42 33<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1949\u5e74\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u56e0\u8fde\u5e74\u6218\u4e71\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6700\u4f4e\u8ff7\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u9884\u9632\u4e3a\u4e3b\u548c\u9762\u5411\u5de5\u519c\u5175\u7684\u65b9\u9488\u3002\u5728\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e86\u7531\u516c\u793e\u533b\u9662\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u5927\u961f\u536b\u751f\u7ad9\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u961f\u8bca\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e09\u7ea7\u57fa\u5c42\u533b\u7597\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u201c\u8d64\u811a\u533b\u751f\u201d\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d3e\u9a7b\u6751\u5e84\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u7684\u5e7f\u8986\u76d6\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u6d88\u706d\u8840\u5438\u866b\u75c5\u3001\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u5a74\u513f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\uff08\u4ece\u5343\u5206\u4e4b200\u964d\u81f334\uff09\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e3e\u4e16\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u6210\u5c31 27<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c1984\u5e74\u53ca1993\u5e74\u7684\u536b\u751f\u4f53\u5236\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u6539\u9769\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u5927\u5e45\u524a\u51cf\u4e86\u5bf9\u57fa\u5c42\u536b\u751f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5305\u62ec\u9884\u9632\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u6784\u5728\u5185\u7684\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u6295\u8eab\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4f9d\u9760\u6536\u53d6\u670d\u52a1\u8d39\u548c\u836f\u54c1\u52a0\u6210\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u57fa\u5c42\u533b\u7597\u7684\u74e6\u89e3\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u60a3\u8005\u65e0\u8bba\u5927\u75c5\u5c0f\u75c5\u5747\u6d8c\u5411\u57ce\u5e02\u5927\u578b\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e2d\u56fd\u533b\u9662\u7684\u95e8\u8bca\u5927\u5385\u548c\u5019\u8bca\u533a\u627f\u53d7\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u672a\u66fe\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u62e5\u6324\u8d1f\u8377 37<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u7ed9\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff1a\u516c\u7528\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u6781\u5ea6\u78e8\u635f\u3001\u7535\u68af\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d85\u8d1f\u8377\u8fd0\u8f6c\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4eba\u5458\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u5bc6\u95ed\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u9662\u5185\u611f\u67d3\u6210\u4e3a\u6bcf\u65e5\u7684\u68a6\u9b47\u3002\u81ea2009\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u6df1\u5316\u533b\u6539\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u5851\u8986\u76d695%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u5168\u9762\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u9669\u4ee5\u53ca\u632f\u5174\u521d\u7ea7\u8bca\u6240\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u5206\u6d41\u60a3\u8005\u3002\u5230\u4e862021-2024\u5e74\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u57fa\u8c03\u8f6c\u5411\u201c\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\u201d 37<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u533b\u9662\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e0d\u518d\u76f2\u76ee\u6269\u5f20\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u80fd\u8017\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5229\u7528\u4e0a\u5bfb\u6c42\u7a81\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e5\u672c\uff1a\u79c1\u4eba\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u4e0e\u8d85\u8001\u9f84\u5316\u5371\u673a<\/strong> \u65e5\u672c\u7684\u533b\u7597\u8bbe\u65bd\u7f51\u7edc\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8f68\u8ff9\u30021556\u5e74\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u963f\u5c14\u6885\u8fbe\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u897f\u5f0f\u533b\u9662 6<\/sup>\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u897f\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee5\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u6781\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u79c1\u4eba\u8d44\u672c\u3002\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u662f\uff1a\u79c1\u4eba\u8bca\u6240\u9010\u6e10\u6269\u5f20\u5e76\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u4e13\u5c5e\u7684\u75c5\u5e8a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6ce8\u518c\u6210\u7acb\u4e3a\u533b\u7597\u6cd5\u4eba\uff08Medical Corporations\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u6240\u6709\u5236\u533b\u7597\u8bbe\u65bd\u4ec5\u5360\u65e5\u672c\u603b\u8bbe\u65bd\u6570\u768414%\u548c\u603b\u75c5\u5e8a\u6570\u768422% 28<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1948\u5e74\u300a\u533b\u7597\u6cd5\u300b\u9881\u5e03\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5c06\u62e5\u670920\u5f20\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u75c5\u5e8a\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u7edf\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u533b\u9662\u201d\uff0c20\u5e8a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5219\u4e3a\u201c\u8bca\u6240\u201d 42<\/sup>\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u57ce\u5e02\u533b\u9662\u53d7\u635f\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4ee5\u5c31\u4e1a\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u9669\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5c45\u4f4f\u5730\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u9669\uff081927\u5e74\u53ca\u4ee5\u540e\u9010\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\uff09\u7684\u5f3a\u529b\u652f\u6491\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5168\u6c11\u5065\u5eb7\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u6570\u91cf\u8fc5\u901f\u8d85\u8d8a\u6218\u524d\u6c34\u5e73 42<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u79c1\u6709\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u6807\u8d34\u201d\uff08Free labeling\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u788e\u7247\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u533b\u9662\u5e8a\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u533b\u7597\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5982CT\u3001MRI\uff09\u5206\u5e03\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5206\u6563\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u5bb6\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u5224\u65ad\u81ea\u4e3b\u7ecf\u8425\u5e76\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6781\u96be\u50cf\u6b27\u6d32\u90a3\u6837\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u65bd\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u5e8a\u4f4d\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u518d\u5206\u914d 28<\/sup>\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6b63\u52a0\u901f\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u8d85\u8001\u9f84\u5316\u201d\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c65\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u6bd4\u5df2\u8d85\u8fc730%\u3002\u8fd9\u8feb\u4f7f\u533b\u7597\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\u2014\u2014\u9664\u4e86\u6cbb\u7597\u548c\u6cbb\u6108\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u751f\u6d3b\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5c0a\u4e25\u5173\u6000\u3002\u60a3\u8005\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4fdd\u9669\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u4eab\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u6743\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u800c\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u4ece\u521d\u7ea7\u4fdd\u5065\u3001\u4e13\u79d1\u6cbb\u7597\u5230\u51fa\u9662\u8fd4\u5bb6\u62a4\u7406\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u5065\u5eb7\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u4e9f\u9700\u6253\u7834\u673a\u6784\u58c1\u5792\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4ee5\u201c\u5bb6\u5ead\u533b\u751f\u201d\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u3001\u4e2d\u5c0f\u533b\u9662\u4e3a\u652f\u6491\u7684\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u534f\u540c\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6027\u7efc\u5408\u62a4\u7406\u7f51\u7edc 4<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u6210\u578b\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8d28\u91cf\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u968f\u7740\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u529f\u80fd\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5448\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u4e0a\u5347\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd0\u8425\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u6210\u672c\u7684\u9ad8\u4f01\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u7684\u540e\u52e4\u7ef4\u62a4\u663e\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u9505\u7089\u5de5\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u5de5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u95e8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u6765\u7edf\u9886\u3002\u201c\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\uff08Facility Management, FM\uff09\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e13\u4e1a\u767b\u4e0a\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u821e\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u884c\u4e1a\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e0e\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u8f6c\u578b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u81f370\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7ec8\u7aef\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u5f15\u5165\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u5168\u7403\u80fd\u6e90\u5371\u673a\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u8fd9\u8feb\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u5927\u578b\u673a\u6784\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u533b\u9662\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u6df1\u523b\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u6210\u672c\u201d\uff08Cost-in-use\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u91cd\u8981\u6027 44<\/sup>\u30021978\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u8bbe\u65bd\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u5f71\u54cd\u201d\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u5c06\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u6717\uff08David Armstrong\uff09\u3001\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u683c\u96f7\u592b\u65af\uff08George Graves\uff09\u548c\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u5e0c\u5947\uff08Charles Hitch\uff09\u7b49\u5148\u9a71\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u30021980\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u4f11\u65af\u987f\u7275\u5934\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u4f1a\uff08NFMA\uff09\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u57281982\u5e74\u66f4\u540d\u5e76\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u4f1a\uff08IFMA\uff0945<\/sup>\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u57281986\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ecf\u7406\u534f\u4f1a\uff08AFM\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u533b\u7597\u5730\u4ea7\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u4f1a\uff08ASHE\uff09\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5730\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\uff08IHEEM\uff09\u4e5f\u76f8\u7ee7\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u6210\u5458\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\u548c\u6280\u672f\u6307\u5357 46<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6<\/strong><\/td>\u673a\u5668\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e3b\u4e49<\/td>\u88d9\u697c\u4e0e\u5854\u697c\/\u8d85\u7ea7\u5927\u697c\uff08\u6df1\u5c42\u5e73\u9762\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u805a\uff09<\/td>\u7ef4\u6301\u5e9e\u5927\u673a\u7535\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u8f6c\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7535\u68af\u8fd0\u8f93\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u5fae\u6c14\u5019\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
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1984\u5e74\uff0c\u7f57\u6770\u00b7\u4e4c\u5c14\u91cc\u5e0c\uff08Roger Ulrich\uff09\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6781\u5177\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u7528\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7a97\u5916\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u89c2\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u624b\u672f\u60a3\u8005\u5bf9\u6b62\u75db\u836f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5e76\u7f29\u77ed\u4f4f\u9662\u65f6\u95f4 13<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u201c\u5faa\u8bc1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u201d\uff08Evidence-Based Design, EBD\uff09\u88ab\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u5411\u524d\u53f0\u3002EBD\u5021\u5bfc\u4ee5\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u5173\u5efa\u7b51\u73af\u5883\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u7ed3\u679c 73<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u732e\u56de\u987e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc780%\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u73af\u5883\uff0829%\uff09\u3001\u58f0\u5b66\u73af\u5883\uff0820%\uff09\u548c\u75c5\u623f\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0820%\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u60a3\u8005\u8dcc\u5012\u7387\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u5fc3\u7406\u538b\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u63d0\u5347\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6 74<\/sup>\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u533b\u7597\u67b6\u6784\u5df2\u7ecf\u6df1\u523b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u533b\u7597\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u6240\u770b\u3001\u6240\u542c\u3001\u6240\u95fb\u3001\u6240\u611f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u8fd8\u662f\u5ba1\u7f8e\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u7edd\u975e\u662f\u4e2d\u6027\u7684 75<\/sup>\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0cEDAC\uff08\u5faa\u8bc1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e0e\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u533b\u7597\u5efa\u7b51\u89c4\u5212\u5e08\u4e0e\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ecf\u7406\u5fc5\u987b\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6 73<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8d4b\u80fd\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\uff08PdM\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff08AI\uff09\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u5b6a\u751f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\u4e86\u201c\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\u201d\uff08Predictive Maintenance, PdM\uff09\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5230\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u65e0\u5f02\u4e8e\u4ece\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u201c\u5e38\u89c4\u4f53\u68c0\u201d\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a\u4f69\u623424\u5c0f\u65f6\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u201c\u667a\u80fd\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u5f81\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5668\u201d 91<\/sup>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u51b7\u6c34\u673a\u7ec4\u3001MRI\u626b\u63cf\u4eea\u3001\u706d\u83cc\u5668\u6216\u533b\u7528\u6c14\u4f53\u6cf5\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u4f20\u611f\u5668\uff08\u6db5\u76d6\u7535\u6c14\u3001\u70ed\u80fd\u3001\u58f0\u5b66\u548c\u9ad8\u9891\u632f\u52a8\u6570\u636e\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5316\u7ef4\u62a4\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08CMMS\uff09\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4bAI\u7ba1\u7ebf\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u90e8\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u707e\u96be\u6027\u6545\u969c\u524d\u7684\u6570\u5468\uff0c\u7cbe\u51c6\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u5176\u5269\u4f59\u4f7f\u7528\u5bff\u547d\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u6d3e\u5de5\u5355 92<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b9e\u8df5\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8303\u5f0f\u8f6c\u79fb\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6781\u5176\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u4e0e\u8d22\u52a1\u6548\u76ca\u3002\u636e\u67d0500\u5f20\u5e8a\u4f4d\u7684\u6025\u75c7\u533b\u9662\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6848\u4f8b\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u5728\u91c7\u7528AI\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u7ef4\u62a4\u5e73\u53f0\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7eb8\u8d28\u7a0b\u5e8f\u77ed\u77ed12\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\uff0c\u8be5\u9662MRI\u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u63d0\u5347\u4e8623%\uff0c\u4e0e\u6696\u901a\u7a7a\u8c03\uff08HVAC\uff09\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u73af\u5883\u6545\u969c\u66b4\u8dcc\u4e8671%\uff0c\u8bbe\u65bd\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u7d27\u6025\u5de5\u5355\u91cf\u9aa4\u964d58%\uff0c\u9996\u5e74\u4fbf\u76f4\u63a5\u633d\u56de\u4e86\u9ad8\u8fbe180\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u7ef4\u4fee\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\u6210\u672c 93<\/sup>\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u6a2a\u8de8\u4e09\u4e2a\u9662\u533a\u7684400\u5e8a\u4f4d\u533b\u7597\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6848\u4f8b\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u4f7f\u5176\u5173\u952e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6545\u969c\u4ece\u6bcf\u5e7423\u6b21\u9510\u51cf\u81f3\u4ec5\u4ec53\u6b21\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5b89\u5168\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684PM\u5408\u89c4\u7387\u4ece67%\u8dc3\u5347\u81f396%\uff0c\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u8054\u5408\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Joint Commission\uff09\u5927\u8003\u4e2d\u521b\u4e0b\u4e86\u201c\u96f6\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e74\u5747\u8282\u7701\u8d85\u8fc7320\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143 94<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u878d\u5408\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u8bbe\u5907\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5360\u7a7a\u6bd4\uff08Duty-cycling\uff09\u5c06\u533b\u9662\u7684\u73b0\u573a\u7528\u7535\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e\u4e8610-22%\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u56e0\u7d27\u6025\u66f4\u6362\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u533b\u7597\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269\uff0c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5951\u5408\u4e86\u7eff\u8272\u533b\u7597\u7684\u8131\u78b3\u613f\u666f 92<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540e\u75ab\u60c5\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u7ec4\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u97e7\u6027\uff08Pandemic-Resilient\uff09\u7684\u533b\u9662\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2019\u5e74\u5e95\u7206\u53d1\u7684COVID-19\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u5bf9\u73b0\u884c\u533b\u7597\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u65bd\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u65e0\u60c5\u7684\u6781\u9650\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u5371\u673a\u5f7b\u5e95\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u533b\u9662\u5728\u611f\u67d3\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7075\u6d3b\u5ea6\u548c\u6c14\u6d41\u9694\u79bb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u9662\u5185\u4ea4\u53c9\u611f\u67d3\u4e0d\u4ec5\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u6297\u75ab\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c89\u91cd\u6253\u51fb\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e8e\u533b\u7597\u8bbe\u65bd\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb 3<\/sup>\u3002\u75db\u5b9a\u601d\u75db\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u3001\u5168\u7403\u9876\u7ea7\u5efa\u7b51\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u5982HKS\uff09\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u673a\u6784\uff08\u5982Arup\u3001ASHE\uff09\u5171\u540c\u603b\u7ed3\u5e76\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u201c\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u97e7\u6027\u201d\uff08Pandemic-Resilient\uff09\u533b\u9662\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51c6\u5219\u4e0e\u6539\u9020\u65b9\u5411 96<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u6025\u5371\u91cd\u75c7\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5168\u9762\u533a\u9694\u5316<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u6025\u8bca\u6062\u590d\u533a\u548c\u672f\u524d\u51c6\u5907\u6e7e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6c14\u6eb6\u80f6\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u91cd\u707e\u533a\u3002\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u89c4\u5212\u6b63\u5728\u679c\u65ad\u6452\u5f03\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u8f6c\u5411\u5e26\u6709\u4e09\u9762\u5b9e\u4f53\u5899\u6216\u5168\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u8231\u3002\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u533b\u7597\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e13\u5bb6\u8fbe\u6210\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5171\u8bc6\uff1a\u672a\u6765\u4e09\u7ea7\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u7684ICU\u75c5\u5e8a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u670920%\u81f330%\u89c4\u5212\u4e3a\u5355\u4eba\u60a3\u8005\u75c5\u623f\u3002\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u82db\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c1153%\u7684\u623f\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e4b\u521d\u5c31\u5177\u5907\u5728\u7d27\u6025\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fc5\u901f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6c14\u4f20\u64ad\u611f\u67d3\u9694\u79bb\uff08AII\uff09\u75c5\u623f\uff08\u5373\u8d1f\u538b\u75c5\u623f\uff09\u7684\u673a\u7535\u5207\u6362\u80fd\u529b 3<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362\u4e0e\u5fae\u89c2\u7f13\u51b2\u673a\u5236\uff08Anterooms\uff09\u7684\u5e38\u6001\u5316\u90e8\u7f72<\/strong>\u3002\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u6539\u9020\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u62e5\u6709\u8d1f\u538b\u75c5\u623f\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002\u672a\u6765\u65b0\u5efa\u6216\u7ffb\u65b0\u7684\u75c5\u623f\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u9884\u7559\u8d85\u8fc744%\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7a7a\u95f4\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u8fc5\u901f\u52a0\u88c5\u524d\u5ba4\uff08\u7f13\u51b2\u95f4\/Anterooms\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f13\u51b2\u95f4\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u53d7\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u6e05\u6d01\u516c\u5171\u8d70\u5eca\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u6c14\u9501\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8981\u6c42\u914d\u5907\u8d85\u8fc755%\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e2a\u4eba\u9632\u62a4\u88c5\u5907\uff08PPE\uff09\u968f\u624b\u53ef\u5f97 3<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u624b\u672f\u5ba4\uff08OR\uff09\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u5c06\u89c4\u5212\u51fa\u5e26\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u524d\u5ba4\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u6392\u98ce\u901a\u9053\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u8d1f\u538b\u624b\u672f\u533a\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u88ab\u611f\u67d3\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u624b\u672f\u8def\u5f84\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c4\u5916\u79d1\u533a\u57df\u7edd\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u5207\u65ad\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5168\u533b\u9662\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u521b\u6536\u548c\u6551\u6cbb\u80fd\u529b 98<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u4e0e\u573a\u5916\u9884\u5236\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5e94\u7528<\/strong>\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u533b\u5b66\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\uff0c\u5efa\u7b51\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u518d\u62d8\u6ce5\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6d47\u7b51\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8f6c\u5411\u975e\u6807\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u4e0e\u9884\u5236\u5316\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u65bd\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u534f\u8bae\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u5efa\u7b51\u6784\u4ef6\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u8bbe\u65bd\u80fd\u591f\u5177\u5907\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u6784\u6027\uff08Reconfigurability\uff09\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5efa\u7b51\u56fe\u7eb8\u9636\u6bb5\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u88d5\u5ea6\u548c\u901a\u7528\u7684\u673a\u7535\u63a5\u9a73\u70b9\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u63a5\u5230\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u8b66\u62a5\u540e\u768430\u5206\u949f\u5185\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u5c06\u8c03\u67e5\u5ba4\u3001\u666e\u901a\u5019\u8bca\u5ba4\u4e43\u81f3\u5927\u5802\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u4e14\u5408\u89c4\u5730\u6539\u9020\u4e3a\u7591\u4f3c\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u5206\u6d41\u4e0e\u7559\u89c2\u5355\u5143 99<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u97e7\u6027\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u67d4\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u5341\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u65b0\u5efa\u533b\u7597\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8f93\u5165 96<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u533b\u7597\u4f53\u7cfb\u6218\u7565\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u8457\u4f5c<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Facilities Management Departments – Facilities Staffing Requirements for the Veterans Health Administration-Resource Planning and Methodology for the Future – NCBI, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK555775\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Facilities Management in Hospitals: A Comparison of the United States and Kuwait – Scholarship@Miami, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/scholarship.miami.edu\/view\/pdfCoverPage?instCode=01UOML_INST&filePid=13447428450002976&download=true<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Full article: Design of hospitals for the post-pandemic era: an international survey of design professionals on infection control design strategies – Taylor & Francis, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/17452007.2024.2385689<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Japan’s healthcare delivery system: From its historical evolution to the challenges of a super-aged society – PubMed, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38450110\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. History of Healthcare Architecture, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c http:\/\/www.mahlum.com\/pdf\/HistoryofHealthcareArchBurpee.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. History of hospitals – Wikipedia, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_hospitals<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. The evolution of the hospital from antiquity to the end of the middle ages – PubMed, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/14509111\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. The History of Health Care Facility Design \u2013 and How it Informs the Future, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.buildgp.com\/blog\/the-history-of-health-care-facility-design-and-how-it-informs-the-future<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. Hospital infection | Science Museum, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.sciencemuseum.org.uk\/objects-and-stories\/medicine\/hospital-infection<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. How Florence Nightingale shaped London healthcare, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.londonmuseum.org.uk\/collections\/london-stories\/how-florence-nightingale-shaped-london-healthcare\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Florence Nightingale (1820-1910): The Founder of Modern Nursing …, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11373583\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. Environmental theory of Florence Nightingale – Washington State Nurses Association, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.wsna.org\/news\/2024\/environmental-theory-of-florence-nightingale<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. Evidence-Based Design in Architectural Education: Designing the First Maggie’s Centre in Israel – PMC, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8597194\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. History of Hospitals – Penn Nursing – University of Pennsylvania, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.nursing.upenn.edu\/nhhc\/nurses-institutions-caring\/history-of-hospitals\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15. Sustainable Healthcare Facilities – Green Healthcare Institutions – NCBI Bookshelf – NIH, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK54143\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16. History of Air Conditioning – Department of Energy, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/articles\/history-air-conditioning<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17. The Vital Role of Medical Gas Systems – Inspital | Innovation for Hospital, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/inspital.com\/the-vital-role-of-medical-gas-systems\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  18. History of Medical Gas PiPeline systeMs – Nous Hospital Consultants, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.nousdoc.com\/Nous%20Downloads\/Download%20Files\/09%20NOUS%20History%20of%20MGPS.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  19. The evolution of medical gas systems design – Consulting – Specifying Engineer -, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.csemag.com\/the-evolution-of-medical-gas-systems-design\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  20. The Evolution of Medical Gas Systems Design – SmithGroup, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.smithgroup.com\/news\/2021\/the-evolution-of-medical-gas-systems-design<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  21. History of power sources in endoscopic surgery – PubMed, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23659747\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  22. Healthcare Facilities and Power Outages – FEMA, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.fema.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-07\/healthcare-facilities-and-power-outages.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  23. History of Uninterruptible Power Supply | How Backup Power Evolved – Camali Corp, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/camalicorp.com\/projects\/ups\/history-of-uninterruptible-power-supply\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  24. Emergency power system – Wikipedia, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emergency_power_system<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  25. Managing Hospital Emergency Power Systems – ASHE, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.ashe.org\/system\/files\/ashe\/mg2014stymiest.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  26. Towards a history of global hospital governance, late nineteenth century to mid-twentieth … – PMC, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11472718\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  27. A Comparison of the Health Systems in China and India – RAND, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/occasional_papers\/2008\/RAND_OP212.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  28. Japan’s healthcare delivery system: From its historical evolution to the challenges of a super-aged society – PMC, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10912799\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
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  99. Resilient Hospital Design: From Crimean War to COVID-19 – PMC – NIH, \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \u4e94\u6708 13, 2026\uff0c https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10621026\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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